Paul Gartside originally produced his Beach Cruiser, Design #226, in 2017, “as a fast, light, lug-and-mizzen boat at 17′ overall for a fellow on the coast of Texas.” The following year, for a customer in California, he built a 16′ version with a gunter main, jib, and mizzen: Centerboard Yawl, Design #226A. In 2022 that 16-footer appealed to Andy Weimer of Zurich, Switzerland, when he enrolled at the Boat Building Academy (BBA) in Lyme Regis, England. “I liked the shape of the hull and the plumb stem—I am a bit of a sucker for West Country working boats—but I didn’t like the gunter-yawl rig, so I asked Paul if he could draw a gaff rig with a topsail and bowsprit.” Paul obliged and the result, the Centerboard Sloop of Design #226A, is the same 16′ hull as the Centerboard Yawl, but with the mast and centerboard moved forward to balance the new rig.
Paul specified edge-glued carvel strip-plank construction for the 16-footer designed for Andy. While both previous versions of the #226 were strip-planked, Paul noted “strip-planked construction has its place (working best on long, narrow hulls) but is very much an amateur method. Edge-glued carvel is structurally the same thing but just looks a lot better with plank lines in harmony with the hull shape. We wanted a varnished interior on that boat, so it was important. I suggested Andy do the same thing on his as it would be a more profitable learning experience. Lining out and then backing out and rounding planking are useful skills to acquire.”
The five sheets of plans supplied by Paul consisted of a sail plan, lines plan, table of offsets, setup plan, and a construction plan with scantlings and suggestions for materials.
As required for student projects at BBA, Andy started with lofting, and from there the nine building molds, the transom, and a template for the stem were produced. Although the plans show the inner stem in three pieces of solid pine, it was thought that it would be stronger if laminated in one piece. The outer stem (specified as laminated in the plans) and the inner stem were laminated together using 1⁄8″ sapele veneers with sheets of polyethylene separating the two elements.
Once the molds and transom were secured upside down on a building base, the keel was laminated over the molds from 5⁄8″ sapele (two laminations over the whole length and up to five where the extra thickness is needed aft of the centerboard trunk) and then removed after the glue had set. The shaped inner stem was fitted into notches in the forward two molds and then the 5⁄8″-thick single-piece sapele hog/keelson was scarfed to it and laid into notches in the remaining molds and transom. Battens were used to line-off the planking on the stem, molds, and transom.
After carrying out some experiments it was decided that, rather than starting with thicker timber for the planking and then hollowing out the inside faces to match the shape of the molds and later doing a major fairing job on the outside, the curves across the grain would be achieved by steaming the planks. This allowed the use of 3⁄8″-thick timber, which came out of 16′ × 8″ × 1⁄2″ yellow cedar. The stock was long enough to make one-piece planks for six strakes and the remaining three strakes required planks in two pieces scarfed together.
The planking started with the garboard and the sheerstrake and then progressed down and up toward the shutter plank. The garboard and sheerstrake were epoxied to the stem and transom (and the garboard also to the hog); subsequent planks were also edge-glued to each other. There were nine planks each side. The garboard and two adjacent planks had to be steamed at their forward ends to cope with the twists at the bow.
The outside of the hull was sanded fair with long boards. A 2″-wide by 1⁄8″-deep rebate was machined into the perimeter of the transom face to allow the hull’s sheathing of 6-oz ’glass and epoxy to be extended into it. After being shaped, the keel (with the centerboard slot already cut into it) and the outer stem were fitted. While the plans specified a 1⁄4″ outer plywood face to cover the transom’s ’glassed perimeter and provide a smooth, flat exterior surface, Andy had some nice-looking 1⁄8″ sapele veneer on hand that would do the job, and vacuum-bagged it to the transom; the sapele had an attractive color and grain. The ’glassed hull was then faired, coated with five coats of primer, and the transom was finished bright. After the hull was turned right side up the molds were removed and the inside of the hull was sheathed in 123gm/m2 ’glass and epoxy.
The sides of the centerboard case were made from 7⁄8″-thick yellow cedar with the logs, end pieces, and top cap in sapele, all biscuit-jointed together. Its aft end piece was laminated to form a gentle curve, partly for appearance but also to match the shape of the bottom of the centerboard itself. After the slot was cut into the hog/keelson, the case was fitted. Nine 1 1⁄4″-thick sapele floors were fitted, three of them were notched into the centerboard case logs. The forward two would later support the maststep while the others would also act as cockpit sole bearers.
The plans call for 1⁄4″ plywood bulkheads to seal two watertight flotation compartments, one in the bow with a 9″ access port, and the other in the stern under the seat and aft deck with a similar port in the deck, though Andy chose to leave the deck uninterrupted.
A central thwart in solid cedar provides seating amidships and braces the centerboard trunk. Between it and the stern seating, Gartside has drawn 3⁄4″ cedar-slat side benches. Andy chose not to fit these as he thought he wouldn’t likely need them.
A deck of 3⁄8″ white cedar is shown in the plans. Andy opted for a 1⁄4″ plywood subdeck supporting a 1⁄4″-thick yellow-cedar laid deck with sapele covering boards. After the kingplank was added, the whole deck was cleaned up and sheathed in ’glass and epoxy.
With the topsides painted, the 1″ × 1 1⁄4″ rubbing strake was fitted (Andy used sapele instead of the locust specified). The strake was bedded rather than glued so it can more easily be replaced if damaged. After the sapele coamings were fitted everything else was varnished. For the sole boards Andy used iroko.
The 1″-thick rudder blade is laminated from cedar and sheathed and epoxied. The 1 3⁄8″-thick centerboard is shown in the plans as white pine vertical laminates sheathed in Dynel and epoxy and weighted with 25 lbs of lead. The spars are spruce: the 18′ 1″ mast is hollow while the boom, gaff, and bowsprit are solid. Andy made the bowsprit 4″ longer than designed to allow room for a furling gear with the jib tack in designed position and the forestay forward of it.
Andy and I took the sloop for a sail on a squally day on the Penryn River near Falmouth, U.K. When trailering the boat, the boom and gaff can fit inside the hull with the mainsail attached to them, while the mast rests in the stern and on a slightly offset mast support at the forward end of the trailer; the bowsprit is left in place. It takes about 20 minutes to step the mast (which Andy has found he can do by himself by initially standing it upright outside the boat), secure the standing rigging with lashings, lace the mainsail’s luff to the mast, and do everything else that is necessary to be ready to hoist the main and gaff, and unfurl the jib. One person can hoist the 1:1 peak and throat halyards simultaneously and, of course, the furling gear for the headsail makes life simpler. We didn’t set the topsail that day, but even with its jackyard and luff pole it can be easily hoisted with its halyard and sheet, and then tensioned with its downhaul.
There was plenty of room for the two of us, but there would also be room for two more people sitting on the central thwart, on the side decks forward, or just on the cockpit sole. I didn’t miss the side benches that Andy chose not to build. In their stead, the side decks certainly offered comfortable seating and good visibility and, with the tiller extension, effective steering.
The wind direction allowed us to sail away from the dock easily; Andy was due to fit oarlocks to allow the boat to be rowed.
The wind strength varied between a gentle 10 knots and a fierce 25 knots and, once we were underway, I initially found myself wanting to play the mainsheet with some urgency in the gusts and lulls, but I soon realized that the boat didn’t heel as much as I expected it to. It accelerated easily in the gusts and, with a reefed mainsail, jib, and no topsail, the helm was neutral. The boat tacked easily with no suggestion that it might get into irons. We were sailing in flat water, but Andy told me that the previous weekend he and a partner had sailed the few miles across Falmouth Bay to the Helford River in a 10- to 15-knot southwesterly and “quite a swell” from the south. He said that the boat slowed down a bit going into the swell on starboard tack but he enjoyed a bit of surfing on port tack and always felt safe. Andy is happy with the Centerboard Sloop’s performance and is looking forward to trailering it home to Switzerland for sails on Lake Zurich.
Nigel Sharp is a lifelong sailor and a freelance marine writer and photographer. He spent 35 years in managerial roles in the boatbuilding and repair industry and has logged thousands of miles in boats big and small, from schooners to dinghies.
During the pandemic I was, like many folks, stuck at home with only a few quick trips out when necessary, and I spent lots of time on the computer, watching video after video. It eventually occurred to me that something good could come out of all the “alone time,” and I went back to one of my favorite pastimes of the last 50 years or so: researching the possibilities of owning a boat, something special that I could pass down, and would last generations. I stumbled on Giesler Boats, and there was something about the company that struck a chord with me.
In October 2022, after exchanging emails for several months with Gerry Giesler, the third-generation owner of B. Giesler and Sons Ltd. in Powassan, Ontario, my wife Theresa and I went up for a visit to his shop. Taking in the smell of the wood, varnish, and sawdust on the floor, I was hooked, and asked Gerry where I should send the deposit
We ordered the Georgian Bay, an 18′ cedar-strip runabout, which would include a 60-hp Yamaha high-thrust four-stroke outboard with electric trim. The base model of the boat, without any of the options offered on the Giesler website, is perfectly fine and I would think it would do well with a 40-hp, but our lakes are large and deep and can be choppy, so the bigger, tougher motor was better suited to our needs.
Theresa and I wanted a real beauty, so we had Giesler Boats add a mahogany coaming to wrap around the top rails and around the front deck. I wanted a solid wood cockpit sole (or at least something other than the standard cedar and pine slats), but that didn’t happen as Gerry wasn’t enthusiastic about the change.
While we selected a long list of upgrades from the Giesler website, we didn’t think that the extra touches were particularly expensive considering the affordable base price of the boat. Gerry thought, based on how we intended to use the boat, that we should add a couple of inches to the freeboard, a longer front deck, and a rear deck with a splash well. There were also some cosmetic additions, which is where Giesler boats really shine as no two are alike.
Most of the wood—cedar, maple, oak, pine, walnut, and mahogany—is sourced from North America, as locally as possible. The boats are hand-built using molds/frames that have been around for almost 100 years (with some repair along the way as constant use wears down the wooden molds) but the design and building technique have not changed much.
The hulls are made of western red cedar shiplap strips measuring 3⁄8″ × 1 5⁄8″ and clench-nailed to the frames. The strips are applied on steam-bent 11⁄16″ × 3⁄8″ oak frames and fastened with thousands of copper nails. The hull is then sanded smooth by hand or with a palm sander. Giesler Boats offers the option to have the bottom fiberglassed and painted with antifouling paint.
The transom is mahogany, the dash oak, and the seats are pine. Gerry added a decorative oak and walnut stripe down the center from foredeck to transom, a very nice touch. The wood brackets for the custom windshield are made in-house.
Gerry and his crew always had time for us: we went to see them every two weeks once the build started, and while we always had lots of questions, they never seemed to get tired of us. They started our boat on April 2, and we put it in the water on June 24.
Once the boat was complete, it went over to Giesler Marine, run by Gerry’s cousin Mark, for the mechanical end of things. They do an in-water boat test, give you a full tank of gas, help hook up the trailer to your vehicle, and have the boat ready to launch when you pick it up. Gerry even registers the boat in your name and has the identification numbers ready to go on the sides as well as the plates on the trailer.
The boat, motor, and trailer come in at just under 1,500 lbs, so I can tow it with my 2021 Rav4 which is rated at 1,500 lbs max for towing. We found it easy to tow the boat and put it into the lake at the ramp. We were lucky enough to get a slip at a local marina, so we don’t have to trailer from lake to lake.
My wife and I have both been around boats all our lives and have driven many but always with the owner present. It’s a whole different thing being on our own, but this little beauty makes it easy. It handles well, is not too powerful, and can take the rough water we get in our lakes. The wide beam and taller sides make it feel much larger than it is. At only 500 lbs you would think it would feel light and bounce around, but it has a solid, heavy feel and instills confidence.
The boat has what Gerry calls “pretty much a displacement hull.” To me, it’s like a Maine lobsterboat with a big V in the front and flat on the back. It pushes through the water nicely at low speed, about 12 mph, and when you hit the throttle, it pops out of the water right away and comes up on plane around 19 to 21 mph.
It’s a nice soft ride as the boat pushes through the water, and very comfortable anywhere from 21 to 30 mph. It has a top speed of 33 mph with the 60-hp outboard at full throttle. I have played with the trim angle to bring the bow up a few degrees to get a bit more speed, but the boat will porpoise fairly easily from 23 mph on and I find that I have to trim back down. I was told by Gerry to just leave the trim all the way in to keep the bow down all the time, but I sometimes push it a bit on a calm day.
The hull, with its ample radius at the turn of the bilge, banks into turns made at speed. It’s a strange feeling at first, as it seems to slip out under you—very different from a planing hull with hard chines that slide through a turn. The Georgian Bay’s cornering is very forgiving and just plain fun.
The boat inspires confidence, as rough water does not seem to bother it. The sound of the water against the hull has surprised us at times as we remembered there was only ⅜” of cedar between us and the water. The whole experience soon becomes second nature, and the sound melts away. You can get a bit of spray if going through a big wake as it rides up the wake and comes down hard. I usually try to roll with a big wake or just avoid it all together.
The total draft is 22″: the boat draws 8″, and the motor trimmed all the way down adds 14″ so we can go between islands and look down through crystal-clear water to rock shelves close below. The shallow draft allows us to get into quiet bays, enjoy the landscape, and slip slowly between the islands dotting the Muskoka lakes.
I really could go on and on about this boat—it’s just that good. It is a solid, seemingly invincible small boat that’s mostly old school with just the right amount of modern safety and convenience. At the price you just can’t get any better. B. Giesler & Sons was started in 1927 and after almost 100 years of building boats, let’s hope they never stop.
Al Lyall is a retired corrections officer living peacefully in Muskoka with his wife, Theresa (who still feels the need to work). He enjoys spending time with their adult children and grandchildren. A longtime dreamer of owning a classic boat, Al is now making up for lost time out on the lakes of Muskoka, Ontario.
"Atmospheric river” was the term used for the sheer volume of rainfall in Tacoma, Washington, at 6 p.m. on June 10th an hour before the start of the 2022 SEVENTY48 boat race. At the moment of that downpour, I was sitting at a bar and grill, less than 50 yards from where my boat was docked at the starting line. I watched out the window as others walked by clad head-to-toe in exposure suits of all kinds. Is that person in the drysuit part of the race or are they just dressed for the weather? It was hard to tell.
Our table at the restaurant was more than a dozen-people deep with mostly family who had flown in from across the country. They came to show their support as I was about to embark on the SEVENTY48 race for the second time.
SEVENTY48 is a human-powered boat race from Tacoma to Port Townsend (roughly 70 miles) with a 48-hour window in which to finish. Which route racers take is up to them. As the website states, “the rules are simple: no motors, no support, and no wind.” Masochists from around the country show up in Tacoma every June (since 2018) to participate in vessels ranging from tried-and-true to, let’s say, experimental. The starting line is a mixed bag of sea kayaks, rowboats, paddleboards, 20-person canoes, and tandem pedal barges. There are two kinds of racers: those who are in it to win, and those who are in it for the experience and adventure. I am among the latter.
This was the second year that I sat at the restaurant, just above the docks, anticipating the start of the race. The previous year I had entered the race with my 15-year-old wooden sea kayak, a reliable and sea-tested boat that I purchased at the height of the pandemic in 2020. In my first go at the race in 2021, I saw 5′ whitecapped waves, endured 30-knot winds, and tested the merit of my eBay drysuit with DIY patches. Of the 92 teams that started in Tacoma that year, only 43 finished the race, myself included in 32nd place. I arrived in Port Townsend at 12:34 a.m. Sunday, just shy of 30 hours after the starting gun went off. Soaked to the bone and missing critical safety gear after a capsize early in the race, I stood on the dark beach and told myself that once was enough.
Then my resolve wore off. Racers from previous years had recounted their Zen-like experiences on a glassy Puget Sound through the night. Why couldn’t I have one of those? I decided to give the race another try but I wanted a new vessel—something more stable, more comfortable. I spent a few months researching and settled on building an Expedition rowboat designed by Colin Angus of Angus Rowboats. There had been a few of them in the race in 2021, including a pair rowed by a father and daughter who finished minutes ahead of me. The Expedition is not likely what you picture when you think of a rowboat. At boat ramps and on the water, it’s often referred to as “that thing.” “What is that thing?” “How do you paddle that thing?” “Why do you sit backward in that thing?”
The Expedition is long, narrow, and almost completely enclosed by decking, save for the small cockpit where the rower and sliding seat are positioned. Three large, watertight hatches, one at the stern and two forward of the cockpit, provide ample storage for gear as well as buoyancy in the event of a capsize. It’s truly a boat designed to keep you afloat in even the worst conditions. After my experience in 2021, that’s what I was looking for.
As the 7 p.m. race start approached, my nerves heightened as the rain fell. I said goodbye to friends and family as I ran down to the dock for last-minute preparations. The rain had let up quite a bit from the hour prior, bringing a glint of positivity to the evening. As quickly as I was feeling better about things, I was brought down by the sight of my gloves and socks lying on top of the boat, completely soaked from hours of rain. Fortunately, one of my biggest takeaways from year one was to always have spares. I grabbed a dry pair of each, donned my rain jacket and pants, and kicked off the dock to queue with some 130 other boats for the start. All the boats take team names for the race; mine was Team Bogus Journey, a reference to the sequel of the Keanu Reeves classic movie (my father-in-law competed as Team Excellent Adventure in 2018 and 2019).
The Race Boss fired the starting gun at 7 sharp and off we went. One of the coping mechanisms I subscribe to for a long-distance race is chunking sections of the course into smaller, more manageable goals. Each of these chunks has its own characteristics unique from others throughout the 70 miles. The first 7 miles or so, from the start at the Thea Foss Waterway to Owen Beach, took me around 2 hours to cover and was defined by a crowded course, bumping oars, and constantly checking over my shoulder. It’s also where I got a surge of adrenaline to sustain me for the first third of the race. While daylight still hung in the air, the waterway was lined with fans who had come from all over to cheer on the racers as we pushed north. As racers began to spread out and settled into their paces, it could be an opportunity to meet new racers and old friends along the way. I caught up with 2021 race veterans Team Ted (a stand-up paddler) and Team PWS Sea Otter (a sea kayaker) for about an hour as we made our way together through the 2 ½-mile stretch of riprap-lined beach along Ruston Way toward the first checkpoint at Owen Beach, a mile from the tip of thickly forested Point Defiance.
At the checkpoint, racers make sure all the required SPOT satellite trackers are working. The race organizers plot the positions of each boat on a website chart and spectators at home can watch their favorite racers progress digitally up the course. After a quick shout with my team name to the checkpoint boat, the race marshals confirmed my live status on the tracker. I pointed my bow north.
The next 14 miles of the race run the length of Colvos Passage, the slightly kinked, mile-wide channel between Vashon Island and the Kitsap Peninsula. I started up Colvos at around 9 p.m. as the last glimmer of the sun set behind the darkening silhouette of the Kitsap hills to the west. The descent into darkness would accompany me for the next several hours; the half moon wouldn’t rise until 1:45 a.m. Racers’ headlamps and navigation lights dotted the water like floating lanterns all around me. A handful of fireworks rose and glimmered in the distance astern.
Before my eyes had adjusted to the darkness, it was nearly impossible to judge how far anything was from me. Sounds seemed to come undiminished across the water, tricking me into thinking conversations were happening a few feet from me when they were likely a hundred yards away; a light bobbing up and down in the distance turned out to be a paddleboarder drafting in my wake just a few feet behind me.
As engaging as the transition into night was, the row up Colvos Passage was a slog. The continued rain and overcast sky made it especially dark, much darker than in 2021, and the west side of Vashon Island includes several false summits, giving me the impression that I’d reached the end when I still had miles to go. Racers who had been thronged at the start found their pace and had spread out here. My intention through the last few miles of Colvos was to find a buddy to pair with for the upcoming crossings from Vashon to Blake Island, and then to Bainbridge. These are the longest and most exposed open-water crossings of the route and coincided with the darkest part of the night. Ferry traffic and unpredictable seas can make this a particularly scary part of the race.
I adjusted my pace, both speeding up and slowing down, attempting to pair up with headlamps that looked as if they were relatively nearby. After a couple of tries to flag down other racers, and a near miss with an old pier, I assessed the conditions and determined that I would just keep moving forward, even if that meant solo.
Blake Island lies just over a mile north-northwest of Vashon and is a popular place for racers wanting to catch a few hours of sleep. One of my biggest regrets in 2021 was stopping at the island to stretch and regroup. Weather and crashing waves on the beaches at Blake that year caused me to roll my boat and lose some critical gear, including my VHF radio. This year, I had decided I was going to bypass Blake entirely if conditions allowed. As I reached the north end of Vashon, Blake, just 1 1/8 miles wide, loomed large and dark in the distance. Seas were fairly calm at this point, and the wind and rain had finally let up. I was able to strip off my raingear. Just around midnight I set a compass course north across the surprisingly friendly waters and continued to row.
The crossing from Vashon Island was uneventful. Bypassing Blake and crossing straight from Vashon to Bainbridge Island came up just shy of 5 miles and took about 75 minutes to row. Aside from the headlamps and audible chatter as I rowed by Blake, there was hardly a sign of anyone out there at all, making it all the more eerie. For the first time in this race, I felt truly alone and no longer connected to other racers. I settled into a steady rhythm and rowed at a comfortable, sustainable pace.
As I neared the southern end of Bainbridge Island, a few different things snapped me from my trance. The south side of the island is marked by a rocky shore. I knew I was coming close and could hear waves crashing against the rocks. When I turned my head to check my course, I was blinded by my own navigation lights. As dark as it had been, this was the first time I realized how bright my bow light was. It prevented me from seeing anything beyond the bow of my boat. I decided to play it safe and give the shore a wider berth. This was a wakeup call to keep a better mental log of where I was and of upcoming landmarks to ensure I wouldn’t make any costly mistakes like running aground.
As I adjusted my course and let my night vision recover, I caught sight of a cluster of dozens of bright pinpoints of light to starboard, traveling west from Alki Point on the Seattle side of Puget Sound. It was moving fast and heading my way. It took a few seconds before I realized it was the Seattle-to-Bremerton ferry, probably the last westbound ferry of the night. It crossed only a couple hundred yards aft of me. Had I been only 10 minutes slower, I would have been right in its path, a realization that spooked me giving me the wake-up call I needed. I had assumed that I would be crossing the ferry lane late enough that the Bremerton and Bainbridge ferries wouldn’t be a concern. Had I known the ferry would have been coming through around 1:30 a.m., I would have better planned my crossing to avoid it. But, even knowing the schedule, picking out a ferry against the backdrop of the Seattle city lights and their sea of reflections can be a lot more difficult than I had expected. I moved north up Bainbridge Island with more caution as I approached the Seattle-to-Bainbridge ferry crossing at Winslow. Fortunately, I had missed the last run of the night and was clear to continue rowing without fear of ferries until Kingston, 13 miles farther north.
Fay Bainbridge Park, at the northeast end of Bainbridge Island, is roughly the halfway point of the race and another popular spot for racers to stop, have a snack, or catch a few hours of sleep. I had covered the 10-mile length of Bainbridge in about two hours and reached Fay Bainbridge at 3:30 a.m. The park is easy to miss from the water, but I knew I was getting close when I heard in the distance voices I could safely assume were racers. When I saw headlamps moving up and down the beach, I turned my bow toward them to make a quick stop to stretch and eat. I neared a particularly dark section of shore and hopped out, avoiding the piles of driftwood on the beach. As I turned my headlamp on to secure the boat, the light suddenly revealed a face no more than 6’ in front of me. A fellow racer had emerged from behind a large piece of driftwood to lend a hand getting the boat ashore. Having a stranger’s face pop out of the dark when I thought I was alone, got my adrenaline going and I no longer needed the break. I thanked the racer for his kind offer and let him get back to his beach nap. As quickly as I had pulled to shore, I was kicking off and ready to tackle the last half of the race.
Beyond the north end of Bainbridge Island lies Port Madison, a 3-mile-wide bay that can be tricky for racers unfamiliar with the race route. In morning fog and with sleep deprivation, the open water there can send even seasoned racers off course. The best bet is to head north-northeast from Fay Bainbridge and point your bow toward Point Jefferson—if you can see it. The crossing can feel like big water with large rolling waves spilling over from Puget Sound. Fortunately, I made my way across Port Madison at 4 a.m., in calm seas as dawn was beginning to illuminate from behind the Cascade Range on the eastern horizon. As I rounded Point Jefferson, I passed the flank of a parade of four or five cruise ships making their way south into Seattle. One was adorned with garish purple lights and was blaring party music at this pre-dawn hour.
As I began to cross Appletree Cove at 5:30 a.m., I knew ferries would likely be running soon to and from the Kingston terminal on the cove’s north shore. These ferries move fast—16 to 18 knots—and I had two options. I could hug the shore, crossing the ferry lane near the dock in Kingston. This would add quite a bit of rowing distance but would allow me to cross the ferry lane where it narrows and the ferries are moving slower. Or I could cut across the cove on a more direct route. Having been awake for nearly 24 hours, rowing for the last 10, and loath to row any farther than I had to, I chose the latter. While I made my way across the bay, I focused acutely on the ferries docked at Kingston, looking for any sign that one might depart and head my way. A fisherman who had been watching racers come by motored alongside to let me know the morning ferry was broken down and wouldn’t be running for a while. This was a huge relief, and I took the opportunity to have a breakfast of leftover pizza and cold-brew coffee concentrate while gently bobbing at the cove entrance with no ferry worries. While enjoying my pizza in the morning light, I began to see several racers spread out astern, continuing their march north.
The next stretch of the race, the 7 miles from Apple Cove Point to Point No Point (yes, that’s the real name), were the most monotonous, tedious miles I’ve ever rowed. The weather was clear, the sun had come up, and the rowing conditions were perfect as I rounded Apple Cove Point. From there, Point No Point is the farthest visible point (yes, there’s actually a point) on the shoreline to the west. As long as I kept my bow in that heading and made forward progress, I couldn’t miss it. But I felt like I was fighting a current and Point No Point never seemed to get any closer, always looming in the distance. Yet the stretch took just under two hours to complete, matching my average pace for the race. Whether I could chalk my mental struggle up to sleep deprivation, or the pizza I had for breakfast, this chunk of the race will linger in my memory as the most difficult and most mentally challenging. Reaching the lighthouse at Point No Point felt like a huge accomplishment and built momentum for the final stretch to Port Townsend.
I had convinced myself that the worst was over, that I was almost done. I bought into the lie I told myself to keep moving forward. At Point No Point I was not almost done. On the chart, I could more or less draw a straight line to Port Townsend, but I still had at least 18 miles to go in what can often be the most volatile waters of the racecourse—Admiralty Inlet. Its north end connects directly to the Strait of Juan de Fuca, and its swells and currents funnel between Marrowstone and Whidbey islands and dump into Admiralty Inlet, creating conditions not suitable for most of the small boats in the race. Though the 12-mile stretch through Admiralty Inlet can be serene, with no warning it can become whitecaps. In the previous year, I had spent about 8 hours beached 4 miles west of Point No Point near the appropriately named Foulweather Bluff waiting out a hailstorm, catching up on sleep, and hoping the weather would improve. This year, I rounded Point No Point and saw nothing but clear skies and calm waters ahead. I could have used the break and a burger in Hansville, the village a mile west of Point No Point, but opted to use this weather window to keep pushing on. I passed Foulweather Bluff and made my way toward the Port Townsend Canal, 8 miles to the northwest.
The Port Townsend Ship Canal is a narrow ¾-mile-long passage built in 1915 between the mainland and Indian Island to open access to and from the south end of Port Townsend Bay to Admiralty Inlet. The reversing tidal current in the 150-yard-wide canal can run up to 6 mph. I arrived at the south entrance at 11 a.m. with a steady 2 to 3 mph current flowing…in the wrong direction. My family and friends had lined up along the canal to cheer me on for the last push I needed to fight the current and break through into the bay. With their encouragement and a surge of adrenaline, I kicked up the rowing for the final leg.
In 2021, I had emerged from the canal at 11 p.m., rowed the final 6 miles of the course, and finished at the Port Townsend beach just after 12:30 a.m., having rowed for 29 1/2 hours and finishing in 32nd place. This year the sun was high, the sky was clear, and the snowfield-draped Olympic Mountains loomed over the horizon. Schooners and sloops tacked across the bay. The beach at the Northwest Maritime Center was lined with locals, friends, family, fans, racers, and event volunteers who had come together to welcome the racers. Even more spectators had lined the docks and paddleboarders came out to encourage racers over the last few hundred feet.
I pulled onto the beach and rang the finish bell at 1:04 p.m., 18 hours and 4 minutes after the start, and once again the 32nd boat to reach the finish line. Tired, blistered, but in surprisingly good spirits, I gave my family a round of hugs, including my newborn daughter, and thanked them for all the support while I accomplished this silly goal for a second time. I was quickly congratulated, handed a beer, offered a place to shower, rest, and eat. After a few minutes to stretch my legs, I was ready for another cold drink and joined the crowd to cheer on the rest of the racers. It wasn’t long before I began strategizing on how to improve for the next year’s SEVENTY48.
Samuel Hendrix is a Midwest transplant now living in Tacoma, Washington, who has spent the last decade exploring the waters of Puget Sound. When he’s not rowing Commencement Bay or dreaming of his next boat build, he can likely be found bike touring with his wife and daughter at one of the many beautiful parks in the Pacific Northwest.
If you have an interesting story to tell about your Adventures with a small boat, please email us a brief outline and a few photos.
There is not enough room in a small boat to be sloppy when stowing gear not in use. Tarps, sleeping pads, and sails (almost anything made of fabric) can be kept from occupying more space that necessary by being rolled tightly. The trick is to keep it that way. Putting a length of cord around the bundle and tying it with a bow knot, as if tying one’s shoes, is likely to lose tension in the process and a bungee, while it can stretch and keep the bundle compressed, may not be the right length to get the hooks on the end engaged.
I’ve found three ways to tie bundles using cord that are easy to use, increase the compression as much as you like, and release easily. All rely on friction, so it’s best to use cord that has some texture to it. Smooth-braid nylon cord is very slippery. If that’s what you have to work with, you can hold the tension by adding a slipped hitch around the standing line where it meets the loop, taking a couple of turns around and underneath the toggle, or square-knotting the tail ends over the lark’s head.
Loop and Twist
Toggle
Lark’s Head
…
Christopher Cunningham is the editor of Small Boats.
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Small boats can be tricky places to store the quantities of water some cruises require. Our family of four consumes at least 3 gallons per day, more in hot weather. Carrying a week’s worth of water in rigid containers would leave precious little room for our bodies and gear in our 18′ sail-and-oar pram. What’s more, hard-sided bottles make poor use of the irregular spaces where water is often best kept in small boats. Rigid containers would be difficult to secure and impossible to fit into the small, curved, awkward spaces available low in our boat where we prefer to keep such dense supplies.
Enter the soft-sided 2.6-gallon Collapsible Water Bags from WaterStorageCube. Remarkably inexpensive, they hold water securely and conform to the shape of wherever they’re stowed. They have a comfortable handle, stand upright, pour well, seal effectively, and hold about the right weight of water for adults to carry. When empty, they fold down to nearly nothing. They are BPA-free, and 1.3-gallon sizes are also available.
The four bags I’ve been using have stood up very well to a season of use. They have been mildly abused, mostly at the hands of my six-year-old son, who cannot be convinced to stop lying on them. They have been dropped, frozen, lightly trodden upon, and packed into small spaces, and still hold water.
The claims of durability from the manufacturer are not particularly quantitative: “can withstand heavy pressure & falls.” To simulate what seemed to me a realistic worst-case scenario, I held a full bag at my side as it would normally be carried and dropped it repeatedly on concrete. After seven drops, it broke in the center of its largest panel (not a seam). I’m satisfied that this is durable enough for my purposes, particularly as we carry several bags and more water than we expect to use and so have safety in redundancy.
When frozen, the water bags make excellent ice blocks for cold storage (remember to fill them only partially so that the expanding ice will not rupture the plastic). A little creativity in fill levels or their placement in your freezer should result in a block custom-fit to your intended use. Don’t use the bags for hot water storage, as the manufacturer only rates them to 140°F.
I try to minimize my environmental impact, don’t love buying plastics, and felt some guilt around purchasing and using these water bags, which are made of LDPE (low-density polyethylene), which is collected for recycling in bins found at grocery stores in some communities (not mine, unfortunately). The thin-walled semi-rigid gallon water jugs that I previously used are made of HDPE (high-density polyethylene), which is accepted in curbside recycling; these gallon jugs typically last about a year before cracking and leaking. The water bags weigh 98 grams to the gallon jugs’ 64 grams and they store 2.6 times as much water, meaning that they are using substantially less plastic per gallon. My bet is that they will also last longer than the harder plastic used in the jugs.
The bags are a safe and inexpensive way to store plenty of water in a boat’s awkward spaces, and I’m happy to have them aboard.
James Kealey lives and teaches in Richmond, California. When he’s not chasing his two young sons, he can usually be found banging away on some project in his garage workshop or sail-camping on a mountain lake.
The first time I used the XPL Oars from Duckworks I didn’t even notice them. I was focused on the performance of the company’s new 10′ skiff I was rowing during speed trials, quick sprints, and sudden stops. If I had noticed the oars, it would have been for their faults. The XPLs went unnoticed because they had none.
When I took the XPL Oars along to row my Whitehall I could turn my attention to their virtues. They are exceptionally light. The 7′ 11″ oars weigh an average 2 lbs 9.2 oz. By comparison, one of the 7′ 4″ spoon-bladed oars I made of spruce weighs 3 lbs 2.9 oz, 9.75 oz heavier for an oar that’s 7″ shorter than the XPL. The XPL blades are 23″ long and 6 7⁄8″ across at their widest point. Their basswood handles are 10″ long with a grip area 1 1⁄4″ in diameter.
The XPL Oars are sectional and have a built-in ferrule with a spring-loaded button to lock the two pieces together. The fit is snug and assembly requires a bit of effort, which is as it should be. There is no play in the joint. A rubber sleeve covers the joint and the button and gets curled back on itself to take the oar apart.
The looms are 1 3⁄4″ in diameter and fitted with Seadog oar collars, which are made of molded polyethylene and split down one side. They’re meant to be secured by nails to wooden oars, but for the XPLs, they’re held in place by a heavy-duty heat-shrink tubing that extends from the buttons and 1 1⁄2″ beyond the sleeves to grip the looms. The loom, plus collar and tubing, has a diameter of 2 5⁄32″, too large to fit a standard 2″ oarlock.
The oars were delivered with Gaco oarlocks, sold separately by Duckworks. Designed to fit oar sleeves up to 2 1⁄4″ in diameter, these are a good fit for the XPLs. They can be slipped over the loom before the two pieces of the oar are joined, avoiding the harder task of opening the lock with a screwdriver. The Gaco locks have 10mm stainless-steel shafts and adapter sleeves to fit 1⁄2″ oarlock sockets. The adapters seemed to be a bit oversized—I couldn’t get them inserted into any of my 1⁄2″ sockets so I trimmed them down with a scraper until they had an easy slip fit. (If the fit is too tight, the adapter will come off the shaft and remain in the oarlock socket.)
A dab of tallow—the same lube I use with oar leathers and bronze oarlocks—provides freedom of rotation to the oars for easy feathering. At the catch, the blade’s edges, only 1⁄16″ thick, cut into the water without disturbing it and the centerline ridge on both the back and face of the blade has gentle transitions that slip beneath the surface cleanly. I could consistently make hard catches without having the blade drive any air into the puddles.
While I couldn’t feel any give in the looms during the catch and drive, there is some flex when I try to bend an XPL oar by levering it against the ground. There is enough give in the loom and the end of the blade to ease the shock on one’s hands during a hard catch. The blade doesn’t flutter during a strong pull and exits the water cleanly at the finish of the stroke.
The swing weight of the XPL Oars is exceptionally light. It takes almost no effort to move the blades from the finish to the catch, even when rowing at a high cadence. I keep the blades low on the recovery, and inevitably slap waves and wakes with the back of the blades. The blades go quickly up and over, and I can maintain a light touch on the handles.
Sculling the boat sideways with one oar was made easy by lack of lateral resistance offered by the blade’s slim profile. I kept the blade deep in the water to get the most efficient use of its thrust and it would take several seconds before the produced upwelling reached the water’s surface. I was impressed by how much water the blade could set in motion. When I took the oars apart later, some water came out of the joint, likely a result of sculling, which put the rubber sleeve between the sections low enough to allow water under pressure to seep past it. Foam plugs in the loom on both sides limit how much water can get in, and keep it from the loom’s outboard ends where it would increase the swing weight.
After rowing the Whitehall with a fixed thwart, I switched to the sliding seat I made for the boat. The oars performed equally well with the longer stroke. I could feel the weight of the boat during the drive, an indication of how little the blades slipped in the water. I would have liked to change the gearing of the oars by moving the collars outboard a couple of inches. If you were to order the oars with the sleeves and heat-shrink tubing, you could hold the sleeves in place with tape or hose clamps until you determine the best location and gearing for your boat.
The XPL Oars perform very well during all phases of the stroke and are a great pleasure to row with. They have only one flaw: The feather-light touch they require on the recovery is going to make the oars I’ve been enjoying for decades seem clunky.
Christopher Cunningham is the editor of Small Boats.
XPL Oars are made and sold by Duckworks for $850. They can be ordered in any length between 6′ and 9′6″. The rubber sleeve kit is a $30 option. The 1⁄2″ Gaco oarlocks are sold separately for $42.99.
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Steve Petty wanted to build a boat. He had done it before, twice: he had built an 8′ Frugal Skiff, WE DO, as a wedding present for his son and daughter-in-law; and he’d built a 12′ Frugal Skiff with a 5-hp outboard so he could “putter around West Falmouth Harbor in Massachusetts.” But he had sold the 12-footer when he moved inland to Sherborn where there was no coast but there were many lakes and ponds. He might have built anything on a whim, but he remembered that some years earlier his daughter had said she’d like to have a good rowing boat to keep at the family camp on North Channel in Ontario. That passing comment clinched it. Steve would build a rowboat.
While searching for the right project, Steve came upon an advertisement in WoodenBoat for Newfound Woodworks. He visited the website and liked what he saw—a catalog of plans and kits for “easy-to-build strip canoe, kayak, and rowing boats.” He especially liked the 15′ Rangeley Lake Boat. Steve has enjoyed fly-fishing for many years and had visited the Rangeley Lakes region in western Maine several times. Seeing the name of Newfound’s boat was enough to pique his interest.
Newfound Woodworks describes the Rangeley Lake Boat as “a distinctive American sporting boat that has been in use for something like 100 years, and was well known to past generations of fishermen for its numerous excellent characteristics.” Originally built of lapstrake cedar, Newfound Woodworks has adapted the design—using offsets published in John Gardner’s Building Classic Small Craft—for strip-planking with a combination of red and white cedar, as well as mahogany for the gunwales, sapele for the deck, and spruce for the coamings.
Steve was hooked. The design’s inherent stability, excellent tracking qualities, and two rowing stations made it an excellent choice for his children and grandchildren who, at the time, ranged in age from 8 to 12. He called Newfound Woodworks and ordered a kit.
Steve has always enjoyed woodworking. In high school he took shop classes and, for a while, considered becoming a teacher of industrial arts. But in the end, he says, he went into carpentry and construction, and spent almost 35 years building timber-frame homes.
While Steve says “working with wood isn’t scary,” he was new to strip-planking, so he took advice from Alan Mann and Rose Woodyard at Newfound Woodworks and purchased the Pre-Kit Rowing Package. It included a DVD on cedar-strip boatbuilding, another on applying epoxy and fiberglass, and a book, Woodstrip Rowing Craft: How to Build, Step by Step, by Susan Van Leuven. “It was terrific,” says Steve. “Between those three things…well, there wasn’t much left out!”
When his kit was ready—all Newfound Woodworks kits are made to order—Steve drove up to Bristol, New Hampshire, to pick it up. “I could have had it sent, but it’s not terribly far away, and I got to meet Rose and Alan. They gave me a wonderful tour of their shop and what they do. I took another ride up partway through the build when I had some questions. And I called a couple of times—they were great to work with.”
Steve built the Rangeley in his shop, which is housed in a barn in Sherborn, Massachusetts. He shares the space with a friend, and they use the shop for “everything from playing with boats to building small pieces of furniture to larger parts of construction projects. We each do our own thing, but it’s nice to have an extra pair of hands around when you need them.”
The Rangeley Lake Boat kit, says Steve, came with almost everything he needed. “You don’t have to buy a complete kit, but I did, and it was truly complete. It came with brushes and rollers, all the materials, even rubber gloves. Pretty much all I had to buy was sandpaper, vinegar, cleaners, and clamps—I didn’t have nearly enough before I started—and a few more rubber gloves.”
With the guidance of the Pre-Kit, the plans, and the construction notes, and pictures, Steve encountered very few problems. The only tricky moment, he recalls, was when he was gluing up the stem piece. “I got a little too excited and tried to bend it too quickly. It snapped right in half.”
He called Newfound Woodworks and spoke to Alan. “He chuckled and said, ‘You bent it all at once, didn’t you? You have to do it very slowly.’” Steve thought Alan would suggest sending a replacement, but instead he reminded Steve that the kit “had come with some spare hunks of 2″ stock cedar. He advised me to make my own replacement out of that.” Steve ripped some new strips and started gluing them up, “a little slower this time.”
The fiberglassing was also “exciting once in a while,” says Steve. He was new to the process and found ’glassing the inside of the hull particularly testing. “Keeping the bubbles and wrinkles out of there was challenging.” Once more, the Pre-Kit’s book and DVDs came in handy. One tip he found particularly helpful was to hold the cloth up to the gunwale with clothespins to stop it sliding down. “It sounds simple, but it was terrific,” he says, “it worked really well.”
Start to finish the project took Steve from early February 2021 to late April 2021, working about three to four hours, four to five days per week. “A lot of the time was spent waiting for glue to dry. But it’s good, it forces you to slow down and work at a measured pace.”
The Rangeley was launched on May 2, 2021, on Steve’s local pond. “I didn’t row it. I just put it in the water to make sure it floated, and that it floated somewhat level.” It did. Steve took the boat back to the shop, wrapped it up, and waited. The plan had been to take the boat to the family camp that July, but COVID had changed everyone’s plans, and it would be another year before the family was once again at Lake Huron and could receive the Rangeley. While he was waiting, Steve bought two pairs of oars and gave the boat a name: FOPA for each of his four grandchildren, Finn, Olivia, Parker, and Alexa.
In July 2022, Steve and FOPA made the trip to Ontario and the family’s camp on North Channel. Now, two summers in, Steve says everyone loves her. “She weighs around 95 lbs, is very stable, and rows like a dream.” Within the family there’s a wide range of rowing abilities, but all, young and old, enjoy taking FOPA out on the lake.
As for Steve, he’s thinking of his next project. He doesn’t have a boat right now, but the Charles River and many of the Great Ponds of Massachusetts are nearby, and even the lakes of Maine, New Hampshire, and Vermont are not far. He’s pretty sure he’ll build another kit but is undecided whether to go for a rowboat or a canoe. Although, he says, “I do really like the look of the Adirondack guideboat.”
Jenny Bennett is managing editor of Small Boats.
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We row and sail deeper into the maze to thread the passages between larger islands and Chichagof itself. Some passages squeeze into ocean level “lakes”—more saltwater than fresh—which “race” in and out between tides. Some “passages” burrow deep into blind coves and “inlets.” Some cross undulating “flats.” Some open into vast “ports” that aroused the naval envy of early European explorers. Some are straightaways. Some meander. Some are deep. Some are “dry.” Some wide. Some oar-cramping narrow.
Few of the standard features of the chart are “standard.” Most earn their air-quotes. Expect the unexpected.
The Tlingit People were here from the time of legend. Fur hunters came, and whalers. Miners by the hundreds. Moonshiners to quench their thirst and the Law to staunch the flow.
Nowadays, a few come, then go: hunters and fishers, kayakers and yachts. Fish biologists at a tribal chum stream.
It’s now September and we’ve left the outer coast; we’re in outside waters, but once again in familiar surrounds.
This is a short stretch, but it includes two of four communities on Chichagof Island. Together, they top 100 residents.
The south end is hemmed by steep granite walls that rise abruptly above timberline. Many find this inlet oppressive, even ominous. But there’s a slow joy to it. It is new stone, pushed up along the fringe of the ring of fire. It’s youthful geology positively kicking up its heels.
As we sail north, mountains moderate. We spend several days in a cove at inlet’s end and visit its overlooking muskegs—peat bogs of tough and wizened diversity.
Cross Sound opens on the Gulf of Alaska, but a short hop sees us into a more sheltered stretch, shielded by another span of islands.
Then a stop to visit old friends and await conditions.
A few years ago, I headed out for a solo afternoon sail on Puget Sound aboard my Caledonia Yawl, ALISON. It was a weekday and there was only a handful of trailers parked in the lot by the launch ramp at Meadow Point. The light summer breeze was just right for the ample spread of the lug main and, after I cleared the breakwater guarding the ramp, ALISON slipped briskly through the corrugated water.
The only other boat on the water, a sailing skiff, was about 1⁄4 mile from shore. We crossed tacks close enough that I could say hi to what appeared to be a father and a daughter in her early teens. In the northwesterly breeze, I was on a starboard tack headed west across the sound and they were on a port tack heading north into open water beyond Meadow Point.
I made good time with a summer breeze that provided decent boat speed without kicking up a chop. It was easy sailing, but I regularly scanned the horizon, a practice picked up from my father when he taught me how to sail.
At one point I saw no other boats around me, not even when I looked aft. The skiff should have been somewhere astern, but I didn’t see it anywhere. The father and his daughter couldn’t have disappeared, so I came about and headed east on a reach toward the area where I had expected to see them.
After I had sailed 100 yards or so, I caught sight of the skiff with its crew clinging to its capsized hull. There was no centerboard or daggerboard showing. If it had been lowered while they were sailing, it had slipped back into its trunk during the capsize and couldn’t be used to right the boat. If they hadn’t deployed it, its absence may have been the cause of their capsize.
When I reached the pair, I rounded up, but ALISON was carrying too much speed. I reached over the starboard side and grabbed the outstretched arm of the father. Even as he was saying “Get her first,” I pulled him off his boat. ALISON came to a stop a few yards upwind, and I helped him crawl over the rail.
I pushed the main’s boom to port to bring the bow around, sailed a loop back to coast alongside the skiff, and brought the daughter on board. I retrieved an aluminized emergency blanket that I kept tucked under the foredeck and the father wrapped it around the shivering girl. By the time I had the two of them settled aboard, an outboard fishing skiff and a cabin cruiser had arrived, and their crews set about trying to right the capsized skiff. I sailed on a run to get my cold and wet passengers back to the launch ramp, about a mile away.
When we were about halfway there, a Coast Guard Zodiac that had emerged from the breakwater raced by about 50 yards away to port of ALISON. I pulled my VHF radio out of my PFD pocket and turned it on. I had only used it to monitor vessel traffic on Channel 14 and, while I knew the channel to use and the protocols for hailing another vessel, I’d never transmitted a call. I froze and, in a pointless gesture that embarrasses me still, I held my radio up so the Coasties could see it. Call me? The Zodiac was already long gone and soon joined the boats around the capsized skiff. After a stop there it turned around and caught up with ALISON when we were just a few dozen yards from the launch ramp. Assured that everyone was safe, they motored in ahead of ALISON.
A fire truck was waiting at the ramp for the father and daughter. I docked and handed my passengers over to the medics. Several minutes later, the other good Samaritans towing the still-capsized sailboat eventually arrived at the dock. I helped them get the skiff righted.
I came away from that incident with mixed feelings. I was, of course, glad that I could help, and I appreciated the attentiveness I’d learned from my father. But I was surprised and disappointed that things that I knew how to do had eluded me when I needed to put them to use. I knew that I should have rounded-up downwind of the capsized skiff to come to a stop alongside it, but it has been decades since I had practiced by throwing a cushion overboard and sailing around to retrieve it. I knew that I could have turned the VHF radio to Channel 16 and hailed the Coasties, but on the occasions that I was boating in the company of another boat which also had a VHF, I didn’t take advantage of the opportunities to practice making calls.
The rescue was, at best, an illuminating experience in how the mind works (my mind, at least). Sometimes even the simplest bits of knowledge can be safely stored in memory and recalled at a moment’s notice if recollection is all that’s required. But turning knowledge into action requires creating the pathway for electrical impulses to reach the muscles. It’s that way with music. I may know a tune by heart and be very familiar with all the notes and chords on the sheet music, but it’s not until I put in the practice on the piano that I can play it and eventually have the joy of listening to the music my hands create without having to bridge the gap between knowledge and action. As I put in the practice with my rescues and VHF, I’ll be able to do what needs to be done without hesitation and avoid making such blunders as tearing a father away from his child or holding my radio up as if it was meant to be used as a semaphore.
My decision to build a cedar-strip canoe came about when a close friend loaned me Gil Gilpatrick’s Building a Strip Canoe. He thought it would be a nice wintertime project for me since I had recently retired. After a few reads of the book, my wife and I decided on the 16′ Laker design. It’s been many years since we have done any serious canoeing and now, with grandchildren, we thought having a nice stable all-around canoe would be best.
We purchased the strips, gunwales, decks, etc. from Newfound Woodworks, a Bristol, New Hampshire, company that specializes in strip-building products. We came home with all the material needed for our design—a blend of western red cedar, eastern white cedar, and some accent strips in Alaska pine. The strips were all bead-and-coved and uniform in width and thickness, something we could not have accomplished if we had tried to rip and mill the strips. We also chose to purchase pre-caned seats and a pre-shaped yoke.
I deviated from the Gilpatrick design by selecting ash inner and outer stems instead of gluing the cedar strips together and shaping them at the stems. This decision was made primarily because I preferred the aesthetics of the stem guards. In his book, Gilpatrick states that, based on his experience, the stem guards do not provide any additional protection and they add weight, merely ounces, but something he is keenly aware of.
Before starting our build, we took the templates provided in the book to a print shop to mirror the half template and scale them to full size. Since we went with stem guards, we had to trim 3⁄4″ off the stem forms to keep to the design length.
Stripping the canoe and seeing it take shape proved to be an enjoyable process. My wife participated quite a bit and having that extra set of hands greatly helped. I tried using an adjustable air-powered stapler, but it was a mistake. I could not get the settings correct to keep the staple head raised above the strips. The T50 hand stapler suggested by Gilpatrick worked best.
Fairing the outer hull took more time than expected. The more you look and feel, the more sanding and fairing you want to do. I purchased a spokeshave and once I got the settings adjusted it was a fun tool to use. Keeping the blade well-honed was essential.
Fiberglassing was a new experience for us. The outer hull was easier to ’glass than the inner, and both sides required some patience toward the stems. After we decided where to make cuts for the cloth to fit together, the edges never seemed to lay wet the same way. I’ve read online forums where other canoe builders have ’glassed the inner hull in sections with better success.
The installation of the gunwales was also a challenge. The double curves toward the stems needed a lot of coaxing. After giving it some thought, I built a steamer out of a 4′ piece of galvanized dryer vent and a bending form to shape the gunwale. Once the shape was set, the gunwale was much easier to install. The Gilpatrick book showed solid wood gunwales with 3⁄4″ × 3⁄4″ outwales and 3⁄8″ × 3⁄4″ inwales. The inwales we purchased were milled with router-cut openings to replicate a spacered gunwale, allowing for quick and easy drainage of water from the canoe when ashore by turning it on its side.
All that was required for the pre-made seats and yoke was to trim and fit them into the canoe. The book provides detailed instructions for making the seat frames and devotes 12 pages to caning them. I did not feel confident enough to drill all the holes in the frame with a handheld drill to cane the seats, but if I get a drill press, as Gilbert recommends for the process, I may attempt it on a new set of seats.
The build required about 270 hours over six months to complete. The canoe came in at 72 lbs, a little above the 65-lb estimate in the book.
I built a support rack for the back of my pickup truck and cushioned the black pipe crosspiece with a section of pool noodle. Sliding the canoe onto the rack and back off is easily accomplished singlehanded. Two short lengths of pool noodle, split to wrap around the gunwale, cushion the forward end of the canoe on the truck-cab’s roof.
We held off putting the canoe in the water because we wanted paddles appropriate for it. We purchased Canoe Paddles: A Complete Guide to Making Your Own, by Graham Warren and David Gidmark, and chose the Sugar Island design. Making paddles turned out to be easier than we’d anticipated. They came out a bit on the heavy side, as I’d been too conservative when thinning out the blades. I later used some 1 × 6 pine to make some shorter, lighter versions of the paddles for our grandchildren to get them excited to join us.
After we slipped the canoe into the water for the first time, it floated in good trim. I stood up several times and found it to be very stable. Once we got seated and started paddling, it tracked well. Later in the day the afternoon wind picked up and the canoe sideslipped, but as long as we were actively paddling and used some small J-strokes, it wasn’t much of an issue and the canoe held its course well.
With smooth, easy strokes the canoe slipped along quietly; with more aggressive paddling the bow gurgled as it cut through the water. The canoe maneuvered handily as we paddled around lily pads and downed trees.
I’ve done some solo paddling in shorter canoes, and the Laker, at 16′, is right on the dividing line between solo and tandem canoe. It seems a bit long for me to attempt significant solo trips, but this may be my inexperience showing.
As we built our canoe there was always a feeling of excitement as we progressed through each building phase, and this feeling never wavered.
When we’ve taken the Laker on the road, thumbs-up and beeps are common, and we’ve had numerous people walk over at rest areas and gas stations to admire and talk about the boat. This never gets old. We are very happy with the canoe and hope to get many hours on the water with the grandchildren aboard. I enthusiastically recommend the Laker as a wonderful general-purpose family canoe.
Tim Cormier and his wife, Renee, live in Merrimac, Massachusetts, where they raised three sons, and have five grandchildren. Tim is retired after a 35-year career as a software engineer. An active outdoor person, he enjoys playing soccer, golf, hiking, skiing, and snowmobiling—anything outdoors. He has always enjoyed some woodworking, and this canoe is the biggest project he has taken on. For 45 years, he and Renee have boated out of Pemaquid Harbor, Bristol, Maine, enjoying weekend cruises, fishing, or just sitting on anchor in one of Midcoast Maine’s many hidden coves.
Building a Strip Canoe, by Gil Gilpatrick, is available from The WoodenBoat Store for $24.95. The 112-page book includes plan sheets, folded and tucked into the back of the book.
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Sam Devlin’s Candlefish series—the 13, 16, and 18—was inspired by the pangas he saw while visiting Mexico. Those small workboats are sturdy but narrow, allowing them to weather rough water while still maintaining speed with a small motor. After the success of the cartoppable Candlefish 13—designed to be run with low-horsepower outboards—Sam recognized that people wanted more speed. He drew wide- and narrow-bodied versions of both the Candlefish 16 and the Candlefish 18. This “methodical uptick in sizes,” as Sam puts it, is commonplace for his design process. The narrow-bodied 16 was eventually discontinued, but the wide-bodied version has proved popular. Sam designed both a Bridge Deck Version with plenty of enclosed storage and a simpler Open Version. Drawings for both are included in the plans.
As with all of the designs from Devlin Designing Boat Builders, the Candlefish 16 is of stitch-and-glue construction. I was 12 years old in 2015 when my father and I decided to build a boat. To get a more complete boatbuilding experience, we opted not to purchase a kit, but instead to build the Candlefish 16 from the nine sheets of drawings included in the plans set. In addition, we used Devlin’s 80-page Building Instructions Booklet for Stitch & Glue Construction to guide our project.
We scarfed the okoume plywood to get the length required for the two bottom panels (each in two pieces) and the intermediate and sheer planks (each in three pieces) for the sides. The shapes for those pieces—cut from 3⁄8″ (9mm) plywood—and for the 1⁄2″ (12mm) bulkheads, decks, seats, knees and breasthooks, are given as drawings with offsets, while supporting diagrams show how to distribute the pieces on sheets of plywood. The plans illustrate mounting the four bulkheads and the transom onto a 2×6 backbone frame with vertical 2×4 supports and, for the transom, angled plywood braces.
The planks’ mating edges at the chines are given a double bevel, cut at 45 degrees both inboard and outboard, to ensure fair alignment. Then, holes are drilled and wire is used to stitch the planks and transom together. The seams are spot-glued with thickened epoxy from the inside, then the wires are removed, and the seams are sanded smooth and fair. The outer seams are taped with 17-oz biaxial tape. The hull exterior is sheathed in 5-oz Dynel cloth and epoxy before being turned right-side up; friends and family made light work of flipping the hull. Once turned, the inside of the seams could be reached, and we gave these fillets of epoxy and wood flour, 17-oz biaxial tape, and a layer of 6-oz fiberglass cloth.
We had opted for the more complex interior appointments of the bridge-deck version for the storage compartments it offered and had built the hull around the plan’s bulkheads for it. We installed the 1⁄2″ (12mm) side benches, the bridge deck, and two storage lockers, one forward and one amidships.
The plans specify 3⁄4″ × 1 1⁄2″ hardwood for the inwales and outwales. To bend the pieces without the use of steam, we glue-laminated their forward halves from two 3⁄8″-thick pieces of white-oak to accommodate the curve of the sheer plank at the bow. Similarly, the plans suggest horizontal kerfs in the forward end of the 3⁄4″ × 1″ keel to accommodate the bend at the forefoot.
The Candlefish 16 webpage notes that the boat can be built in about 200 hours. Our father-daughter project took 18 months of sporadic work alongside school, extracurriculars, and work. I was 14 by the time the painting was finished, and our boat was ready to launch. We bought a 20-hp long-shaft, four-stroke outboard for the boat, which is in the middle of the recommended range of 10 to 30 hp.
The Candlefish 16 is very light for its size. I have never weighed mine, but online forums suggest that the dry-hull weight falls around 325 lbs. Add to that the 20-hp outboard and a trailer Dad salvaged from the side of the road, and the whole package is well under 1,500 lbs and easily trailerable by any car with even modest trailering capabilities.
There are two storage lockers: a smaller one under the foredeck and a larger one under the bridge deck. The smaller locker stores fenders, deck lines, two small anchors and their rodes, and foam for flotation. The larger storage area amidships can hold PFDs, flares, coolers, gear, and a storage box for smaller pieces of equipment, with room to spare for at least four totes of gear. With its hatch closed, the larger storage compartment serves as a bench. A starting battery, a 3-gallon gas tank, and more flotation foam fit under the aft end of the side benches, out of the way but easily accessible. For flotation, the plans call for inexpensive Type-II PFDs strapped under the seats. We found billets of flotation foam washed up on the beach and they do just fine.
The cockpit is easily hosed down and has limber holes in all but the forward bulkhead and a drain plug in the transom. I have found that the limber hole in the aftmost bulkhead, at about 1″ in diameter, provides for adequate and efficient drainage, but anything less than 1″ can easily clog. The drainage under the bridge deck is facilitated by a 1″ PVC conduit ’glassed to the inside of the hull between that compartment’s bulkheads.
For our family, the Candlefish 16 is the perfect little on-water pickup truck. The boat handles well in rough water, though in choppy conditions we all prefer to wear rain gear as it can get fairly wet. When we beach the boat, the keel and the runners, which we chose to add aft just a few inches inboard of the chines, are protected by a stainless-steel half oval. Rolling on fenders up and down beaches is very doable and was easy for me even at age 14. The same goes for docking and loading onto the trailer, as the boat can turn within its own length and is sensitive to any changes in speed with the 20-hp outboard.
The Candlefish 16 handily carries my family of four, plus the dog, and in calm conditions can take a few additional passengers. We take the boat camping with all of us aboard along with a cooler, camping gear, and even a paddleboard or sit-on kayak strapped along one of the inwales. While that may be a tight fit, it certainly leaves plenty of freeboard remaining for open-water crossings.
With our 20-hp outboard, the Candlefish will get on plane with two people aboard, but with more weight it’s hard to get past a semi-plane. The boat moves fine at that point, but while it isn’t plowing or displacing too much water, the plane isn’t as clear and the bow doesn’t carve the water as cleanly. I wouldn’t advise going with an outboard of less power than 20 hp. The plans suggest a maximum of 30 hp, which I would be eager to try out, especially for a larger crew.
I can’t think of a better outboard skiff for an amateur or adolescent boatbuilder. The uncomplicated nature of stitch-and-glue design and the options given between open and bridge-deck versions make for the perfect balance between straightforward construction and personal customization. What’s more, the robust seaworthiness of the Candlefish 16 is well suited to exploring the Maine coast, messing around with friends on lakes, and providing simple transport anywhere you want to have an adventure. The ample storage is conducive to overnight exploration, and the size of the boat is manageable while still allowing for a group of friends or family to come aboard. Now 20 years old, I’ve had great fun using my Candlefish 16 for several years and look forward to many more.
Lilja Hanson is a student at Barnard College of Columbia University studying English. She grew up on and around boats in Downeast Maine and has combined her passions for writing and boats as WoodenBoat’s editorial intern this summer.
The low clouds and fog of dawn had given way to sunny midday skies by the time we motored out through the sportfishing fleet tucked into Telegraph Cove, British Columbia. My old friend Craig and I were aboard my 20′ Whitehall propelled by an oddly squarish 3-hp electric motor, powered by two pairs of folding solar panels, which occupied most of the center of the boat.
We slipped quietly between the fishing boats with their enclosed pilothouses and stout aluminum hulls with 4′ of freeboard. People bustling about the docks watched as we silently motored by and must have thought the two of us, in our slender boat with a noiseless motor, were about to do something foolish. As we left the cove and entered the expanse of Johnstone Strait, I wondered if we were doing something foolish.
I had gained a fair bit of boating experience over the years on various lakes and oceans, though never in this part of the world, and Craig had experience on Canadian lakes and around the Channel Islands of California. He had joined me on my first two small-boat expeditions 34 years earlier—the first under sail and the second under electric power and (as it turned out) paddle power across Canadian lakes in my 17′ Whitehall. When I invited him to join me on the coast of British Columbia, I ran through the pros and cons of the boat and the equipment I had assembled, and recounted the planning and preparations I’d made over the previous months. I also noted that the experience and preparation did not guarantee I wouldn’t make mistakes.
Out in the strait, we soon passed a whiskered sea otter lolling about on its back and gradually caught up to a spread of eight sea kayaks in bright white, yellow, green, and red heading east along the shore, the paddlers all torso, hat, and elbows as they wigwagged their dripping black paddle blades left and right over decks that rose only inches above the water. We didn’t look so small in their company.
We struck out north-northeast for heavily forested Hanson Island, which stood out in craggy silhouette 2 1⁄2 miles across Johnstone Strait. To the west was the even greater expanse of Queen Charlotte Sound and to the east were the steep-sided fjords and jagged mountains of the distant interior, which is where we were headed.
The boat was as tidy as we could make it. The boat tent, made of slippery white Tyvek (the CommercialWrap version), was rolled up against the midsection of the port rail while clothes, electronics, food, and kitchen gear were stowed in watertight plastic bins under the seats or stowed loose inside the two lockers under the amidships benches. The 20-lb lithium battery was wedged under the seat next to the port locker with pencil-thick, licorice-black wires running to and from charge regulators and buss switches mounted inside the locker and from the locker to the solar panels resting on deck. Stuff sacks with sleeping bags, foulweather gear, and the boat’s jib with halyard, block, and sheets were all wedged under the seats. The floor and bow platform were cluttered with fishing and crabbing gear, anchors and anchor lines, and three collapsible jugs that held a total of about 6 gallons of fresh water.
We had planned our outing for mid-August to catch the best weather the BC coast has to offer and to avoid the more extreme tides and currents that accompany the full moon. We also hoped to meet the early run of salmon as they moved up the straits and inlets to freshwater streams and rivers to spawn.
Our target for the first day was a little cove at the eastern tip of Harbledown Island—one of several dozen potential anchorages in the region I had identified on the navigation charts and then cross-checked against Google Earth images. We had planned to depart Telegraph Cove that morning at first light in order to ride the last of the flood tide running east up Johnstone Strait, then slide past Cracroft Point on the far side of Blackney Passage at slack tide and, still headed east, pick up the start of the ebb tide that—according to the arrows printed on the chart—incongruously also flows east through Baronet and Clio passages to Knight Inlet.
It would have been a neat trick to ride the flood, slack, and ebb tides all 14 miles to the Harbledown cove—saving battery power all the way—but dense morning fog had delayed our departure by four hours. Starting late, we motored against the current at a speed over water that looked to be 3 1⁄2 knots, but the GPS display on the motor showed we were managing only 2 1⁄2 knots over ground. Seeking protection from the ebb tide, we hugged the precipitous shore of Hanson Island, weaving around dark rock ledges and leathery fronds of bull kelp that bent toward us in the current.
As we left Hanson Island behind and crossed Blackney Passage with the midday sun shining brightly overhead, we passed through current lines and whirlpools that formed, dissipated, and re-formed, slapping our bow from side to side. Our timing with the flood and ebb was completely off, but most of the waters were only ruffled by modest currents.
As we approached the Bell Rocks that clog the narrow entrance of Baronet Passage, a pair of loud blows far ahead and two puffs of white mist hanging in the air announced the presence of whales, their dark, round backs visible for brief moments against the glimmer of the sea as first one and then the other rose slowly and then dove again close against the bare gray granite rocks.
We entered the Harbledown cove cautiously at its east end through a shallow, sandy channel only 30′ wide. A second channel opened 200 yards away leading north from the cove into Beware Channel where Care Rock was followed by Caution Rock, then Beware Rock, and finally Dead Point at the terminus of the narrow channel. Beware Channel was known for its treacherous currents, but no current flowed inside the cove where the water appeared stagnant and slightly milky—our first sign of the glacial runoff flowing from the rivers and streams at the head of Knight Inlet 65 miles to the northeast.
With a tidal range that night of nearly 10′ and the low coming at 2 a.m., we planned to put two anchors out, Bahamian style, to hold the boat between them and keep it in at least 6′ of water at low tide. Motoring slowly around the cove, reading depths and bottom conditions on the 4″ color monitor of the portable fish-finder, we found that the only area of the cove that wasn’t too deep, too shallow, or too rocky to anchor was already crowded with half a dozen bullet-shaped crab-pot buoys of red and white Styrofoam, each one coated with dark green slime along its waterline.
We left the cove to the crab pots and moved 800 yards north to a V-shaped cove that was only 150 yards wide at the mouth and completely open to the east, but it proved to have patches of sandy bottom of adequate depth.
The rain started sometime that night, but we were snug and dry under the full-length home-built Tyvek canopy stretched the full length of the Whitehall over eight fiberglass tent poles bent in hoops like a Conestoga. The heavy-duty polyethylene was as stiff as paper and rattled loudly as raindrops pelted it.
From the outside, the tent appeared perfectly white, but on the inside, the fabric was printed with bold red-and-blue logos, technical certifications, and a 1-800 number. Five rectangular portholes fashioned from freezer bags let in the soft light of a rainy morning. Trickles of rainwater slid down the outside of each window, streaking the view of the gray-green forest that surrounded the cove.
I turned on our satellite GPS-and-texting gizmo to read the weather update that my sailor-friend Jack was sending each morning and evening and to see what replies we had received from the “All good” check-in message we had sent the night before. Waiting for the messages to load, I pulled the electric kettle out of its bin, plugged it into the cigarette-lighter socket that otherwise connected the house battery to the motor battery, ground four scoops of coffee beans in the hand grinder, and made two steaming mugs of coffee.
Two days later, as we motored close along the north shore of Knight Inlet toward Hoeya Sound, we had our first sighting of a bear. It was sitting motionless on its haunches 200 yards up the hillside in a ragged, clear-cut strip of grey stumps and forest slash. It was facing directly toward us and appeared to be watching us. We had reached the margin of grizzly bear territory, but we couldn’t tell at that distance what kind of bear it was. The westerly wind had built to 12 to 14 knots, and whitecaps flecked the inlet. There is only one good anchorage in the upper section of Knight Inlet, and that is at Glendale Cove, which lies 12 miles farther inland and 2 miles across the inlet from Hoeya Sound. The sound itself is a poor anchorage as it forms a drawn-out U-shape 2 miles long and 1⁄2 mile wide that lies open to the west-southwest, but it was our only option.
We found that the back of Hoeya provided no shelter at all as the bottom is sandy and rocky and goes dry, or nearly so, at low tide. Hoeya Creek meanders out of dense forest at the back of the sound and then, as a shallow tidal stream, winds through mud banks covered with yellow-green sedge and grass before reaching deeper water near the middle of the sound.
We had hoped to do some fishing for trout and salmon in the creek but there was no sign of either so we headed to a slight indentation in the north shoreline where there was a log boom and a 40′ floating tank chained to mooring buoys and arranged to provide some protection for an aluminum dock. Two inflatable pink mooring buoys bobbed in the chop midway between the log boom and the dock.
We pulled up alongside the dock to read a sign posted on shore. Below the word Nalaxdlala—the original name for Hoeya Sound—the First Nations community of Mamalilikulla asked that any visitors treat the area with respect as it lies within their traditional territory. Not wanting to intrude, we anchored away from the dock and floats.
Clouds had formed and the evening light had begun to fade as we surveyed the bottom with the fish-finder. As we did, we noticed two bears on a narrow beach at the opposite shore. One appeared as a large black blob sitting in front of tall grass just behind the beach, and the other appeared as a little black dot sitting in sand near the water’s edge. I had read that bears regularly forage along beaches at low tide, and the tide had just passed low.
The tidal range that night was 9′, and we wanted at least 6′ under us at low tide to deter bears and to account for any undetected humps or rocky outcrops. After setting and resetting the 8-lb and the 10-lb anchors three times, we finally settled on a compromise position that avoided shallow rocks and ledges and a steep drop-off from the shore to a depth of 26′ but left us lying only 25 yards from shore. By then the sky had darkened, the wind had dropped, and Craig and I were both tired.
We dawdled about the next morning drinking coffee, frying bacon, and making blueberry pancakes with a cast-iron griddle on a propane camp stove. When the sky cleared around midday, we motored well back into Hoeya Creek to take a freshwater bath, then paddled out into the sound under a deep blue sky.
We fished the rest of the day in deep water along bold cliffs just outside the sound, but we caught only rockfish and released them. When the wind blowing down the inlet freshened to 15 knots in the afternoon, we retreated into the sound.
Early the following morning, we headed out in a dead calm heading due east up Knight Inlet for Kwalate Creek 18 miles away. A satellite text from Jack had reported a weather forecast of sunny skies with a west wind rising in the afternoon to 15 knots with gusts to 20.
We motored quietly in calm water close to the rocky shore with the hum of the prop and the light splash of the bow wave the only sounds. The solar panels were spread open on deck and propped up on plastic bins to face the morning sun. Checking the electrical current with a clamp meter, I found that the combined output of the panels was nearly 300 watts—close to their full capacity and half again greater than the 200 watts being consumed by the motor.
The chart showed a depth of more than 500′ just off the shore and more than 1,500′ in the center of the channel, but the fish-finder screen showed only static as suspended silt from the glacial runoff apparently scattered the sonar beams. We relied instead on streaming fronds of bull kelp to indicate any hidden rocks and ledges. Across the inlet, heavily wooded mountains rose thousands of feet, and far to the north, the peaks were whitened with the summer remnants of pocket glaciers and patches of snowfields. Around the boat the water was a dull teal color, but in the far distance toward the head of the inlet, it gleamed bright turquoise.
Looking for a source of fresh water to replenish our supply, we pulled into a little V-shaped inlet where the chart showed an unnamed creek. Craig stood in the bow and cast a spinner toward the mouth of the creek hoping for a strike by a migrating salmon or a resident cutthroat trout. I went ashore in the shade of red cedars and dense undergrowth that had grown back after the area had been clearcut decades earlier. Walking along a floodwater bench of dirt and cobble above the stream, I found an iron pulley 3′ across and other pieces of rusted metal protruding from knee-deep grass. We chose to fill our jugs elsewhere.
A mile farther up Knight Inlet, we heard the gurgling of another stream, I tilted-up the motor as we approached, and Craig clambered ashore carrying our three collapsible water jugs. I paddled the boat back off the cobble beach and stayed close by, watching the forest for any sign of movement. Craig bent over a little pool to fill the jugs, but he stood up again and again to scan the woods behind him.
Cruising along Knight Inlet’s north shore, we ducked in again at Matsiu Creek, at another unnamed creek, and finally at Sallie Creek. At each one, I paddled from the stern and checked the fish-finder as Craig stood in the bow to cast a spinner at the mouth of the creek. When we reached Naena Point where Knight Inlet turns north on the final 33 serpentine miles of its 78-mile length, whitecaps broke along the tops of waves 3′ to 4′ high across the full 1 1⁄2-mile width of the inlet.
If we turned north at Naena Point toward Kwalate Creek, we would be sheltered from the west wind, but the anchorage in front of Kwalate Creek was largely unprotected from the southwest to the east. Two miles across the inlet to the south, the mast of a sailing yacht and the white hull of a big motoryacht were visible inside Glendale Cove. The cove is home to a boutique fly-in lodge that specializes in grizzly-bear tours on which visitors can watch grizzlies from the safety of tour boats as the bears forage along the shore. The lodge bills the location as having the greatest concentration of grizzly bears in North America.
The tide was high by the time we arrived at Kwalate Creek, so we pulled in and put the anchor ashore right at the mouth. The stream looked more promising than the smaller streams we had passed, and Craig quickly pulled on his rubber-soled boots and headed up the stream with a fishing pole to search for trout. I pulled on my reef shoes and wandered up the stream over rounded boulders carrying only my phone.
The water in the stream was cold and perfectly clear as it tumbled over rounded boulders into a pool at my feet. Inland, the stream disappeared around a bend into a cedar-and-spruce forest just 100 yards away. At the mouth of the stream, the white hull and teak sheerstrake of the Whitehall stood out against a bright turquoise line of sunlit water that lay in the distance beneath towering mountains under a deep blue sky.
I ambled halfway back to the boat when I noticed it wasn’t sitting properly. It was a bit too high and listing slightly. I rushed to it and quickly saw that the tide had fallen enough that the boat was aground on the rocks. I jumped into thigh-deep water and tried to lift the bow off the rocks. It didn’t budge. I tried again, straining my back, but there is no good handhold at the bow of a Whitehall, and I failed again.
To get some weight out of the bow, I grabbed the anchors and anchor lines and tossed them ashore and then grabbed the big green tacklebox and tossed it ashore followed by two plastic bins that I could reach under the front seat. I stepped back into the water and tried again to lift the bow, but again it didn’t budge. I climbed back up the bank and called to Craig, who was standing in a shallow pool about 60 yards away. He didn’t hear my shout over the sound of the stream.
I cupped my hands and yelled louder, and he looked up from the pool. I motioned for him to come, but he pointed instead to something in the pool. I motioned again with exaggerated, rapid sweeps of my arm. He understood and came racing back to the boat wearing only his rubber boots, hopping over boulders as fast as he could manage. Together we tried to lift the bow, but it still didn’t budge. I tried wrapping the painter over my shoulders to use as a lifting strap, but we failed again.
I moved quickly to the stern of the boat and crouched in knee-deep water with my back under the turn of the bilge. Craig followed, grabbed the boat, and lifted with me, but it didn’t budge.
I had just one more idea. I told Craig to move to the shore side of the boat and push the boat sideways as I crouched again at the transom. No luck. I waded to the shore side of the boat, crouched under the bilge, and we heaved again. The stern scraped loudly and moved sideways a fraction of an inch. We heaved again and again, and each time the stern scraped sideways a fraction of an inch. On the fourth heave, the keel scraped long and loud across the rock that was holding it, and the back of the boat floated free. We moved quickly to the bow and with two heaves managed to set it free. Standing thigh-deep in the cold water and breathing hard, we leaned on the gunwales, exhausted.
I had made a mistake that might well have ended in disaster. The boat had gone aground late in the afternoon on the first fall of the tide. If we had not gotten it off the rocks at that moment, we would have been stranded at least overnight in the heart of grizzly country with a boat that was a veritable lunchbox of bear attractants.
The narrow bay outside Kwalate Creek proved to be another poor anchorage as waves coming down the inlet curled around the point and into the bay. After several attempts at anchoring, we gave up and tied up alongside another floating dock built by the First Nations community a quarter mile south of the creek.
The forecast for the rest of the week was for strong afternoon winds, and it was apparent that the farther we went up Knight Inlet, the more open and potentially dangerous were the potential anchorages. It had also become clear that we had arrived too early for the salmon run.
At first light the next morning, we left Kwalate Creek into a light breeze to head south-southwest and then due west back down Knight Inlet. At noon we rounded Hoeya Head into a strong westerly and 3′ swells, and juiced the motor to 450°W as we lurched over the confused seas that ricocheted from the headlands crosswise into the incoming swells and turned north toward the calm arc of Lull Bay. There, old pilings off a sandy beach and the remains of a derelict house ashore crowded by encroaching trees marked the location of an historic First Nations community. We anchored near the pilings, aligned the solar panels directly into the sun, and lounged through the afternoon waiting to see if the wind would die enough for us to continue east with the ebb tide to get farther up Knight Inlet.
At 6 p.m. we motored half a mile out to the point at the southwest end of the bay to get a closer look at the inlet. In the main channel, the wind was blowing close to 20 knots and steep waves broke in frothing whitecaps. We immediately decided to retreat and turned the boat to run downwind back to Hoeya Sound with whitecaps breaking along our starboard quarter. As we neared the rock cliffs that marked the entrance to the sound, the boat began to toss and lurch in confused seas where the waves broke against the cliffs and reflected across the incoming swells which were bending around the headland directly into the sound. We motored into the quiet cove on the north side of the sound, went straight to the first pink mooring buoy there, and tied on for the night.
The next morning, we carried on westward and around noon rounded Steep Head into narrow Sargeaunt Passage and pulled up on the mainland side of the passage behind a low rock jetty that a logging company had bulldozed into the channel years ago. I went ashore while Craig held the boat off the barnacle-covered rocks exposed by low tide. As I stood on the top of the jetty surveying the rough beach on the other side, an adult black bear and two cubs emerged dripping from the water 100 yards up the beach. I hadn’t seen them approach because their dark fur blended into the dark water of the channel.
The bears didn’t seem to notice me as I stood motionless watching them wander slowly up the beach away from me. Then a second adult bear emerged from the water, its fur plastered to its body in a sharp profile, revealing long, powerful legs and a solid frame that would otherwise be obscured by thick fur. It looked every bit a predator. That bear did notice me, and it immediately turned and charged, galloping directly toward me like a racehorse coming out of a starting chute.
I retreated quickly down the rocks, calling to Craig to bring the boat as I scrambled head down using both hands and feet, trying not to slice my hands on the barnacles and mussels or slip on the kelp and tumble into a crevice between the rocks. I pulled up on a flat rock in 2′ of water then climbed awkwardly into the bow, looking over my shoulder toward the top of the jetty as Craig backed the boat into the channel.
A shiny aluminum but otherwise utilitarian boat soon appeared cruising steadily up the middle of the passage. When it was a quarter of a mile away, it changed course toward us. We could see three or four adults and a couple of children through the big windows of the enclosed cabin, and we thought it might be a First Nations community boat shuttling members into the back-country. When the boat had closed to within 75 yards, we waved a casual greeting to say hello but also to let them know we were okay, and the boat turned back toward the channel. Perhaps they had just been curious, but it seemed that they had turned in to see if we were in distress, and we appreciated their kindness.
Two days of strong westerly winds followed, and we spent the time fishing in the lee of basalt headlands near the north and south ends of Sargeaunt Passage. At the north end, we encountered three orca hunting close along the rocky shore. One adult with completely black sides and a sharply pointed dorsal fin was cruising in close company with two much smaller orca that had a pinkish tint to their topsides and small, rounded dorsal fins.
We left Sargeaunt Passage in fog early on the third day there and headed west into a light wind. Visibility was down to less than a mile, and we hugged the north shore of Knight Inlet to gain a little shelter from the wind and to avoid any traffic that might come down the channel. We soon passed Stormy Point where a thick fog of visible droplets blew sideways down the channel, soon drenching us and the boat.
Our options were to turn north off our route to seek protection in Port Elizabeth or Duck Cove or to continue west into the wind to Tribune Point where we could either try to cross the channel to a sheltered cove at the entrance to Canoe Passage or retreat just northeast of Tribune Point to an unnamed bay that offered protection from the west wind but was entirely open to the east. Arriving at Tribune Point in thick fog and strong breeze, the prudent choice was to retreat into that nearby bay.
Inside the bay we found quiet water but, once again, difficult anchoring. After several attempts, we settled on a rather awkward position with the boat lying port-side-to and nearly parallel to a steep rock ledge topped by pine trees. We set the 8-lb anchor from the bow in a patch of thin sand near the head of the bay and set a 2-lb anchor from the stern between barnacle-covered rocks at the bottom of the ledge. At low tide, around 10:30 p.m., the boat should be in at least 6′ of water but only 25 yards off the rock ledge.
The night was completely black as we prepared for bed by the light of a headlamp. I was sitting at the stern when a great splash came from in front of the ledge close off our port quarter followed by the sound of something very large running through deep water and then swimming quickly toward the boat. Craig and I jumped in unison and shouted at each other, “That’s a bear!” At that, the swimming sounds seemed to make a sharp U-turn right at the boat and head toward shore.
I leaned back and pressed my head into the mosquito net in the gap between the motor and the end of the tent. Peering around the corner of the tent into the darkness, I heard the splashing recede and perhaps saw a trail of phosphorescence where the bear had executed the U-turn and then scrambled up the beach.
Craig handed me the headlamp, and I shined its weak light out the back of the tent onto the ledge and up onto the beach, but I couldn’t see anything moving. I then pulled open the port locker and dug out the cannister of bear spray and the foghorn and set them in the stern, but thinking again, I blasted the foghorn out the back a couple of times just to make some kind of statement. Neither of us had ever read the instructions on the cannister of bear spray, but we sure did then.
We crossed Blackfish Sound four days later in bright sunshine with the sights and sounds of whales diving and spouting along the north shore of Hanson Island. We first jigged and then trolled for salmon along the many points and finally caught some small pinks. Their iridescent sides and tails were dotted with sea lice, and we unhooked them and watched them swim quickly into the depths.
Drifting quietly with the ebb tide in bright sun along the north shore of the Plumper Islands, we spotted a great whale directly abeam, perhaps 300 yards away and coming head-on toward us in a regular series of rhythmic, shallow dives. When the whale had closed to 100 yards—still coming directly at us—its huge, rounded back rose a bit higher out of the water and the whale dove under the boat, emerging minutes later 200 yards away on the other side.
We drifted on with the current and approached a noisy colony of sea lions jostling for position on an outlying rock off the northernmost of the Plumper Islands. As we watched and listened to their bellows, a sea lion rose, thrashing violently, just 10′ off our bow with a salmon clamped between its jaws. The current carried us swiftly away between two little wooded islands until we emerged into Weynton Passage at the west end of Hanson Island. Five miles across Johnstone Strait lay Telegraph Cove and the end of our travels.
Tim O’Meara grew up sailing and otherwise mucking about in small wooden boats on Lake Okoboji in northern Iowa during the 1950s and ’60s. In college he was fortunate to sail 30′ sloops on San Francisco Bay as a junior member of a club team, and during two summer breaks crewed on a wooden 50′ Rhodes cutter off the California coast and then around the Hawaiian Islands and back to San Francisco. After graduating in 1970, he set off with two friends and a brother and sailed around the Caribbean for a year in an aging fiberglass sloop. A lost year soon followed during which Tim built a cold-molded version of the tender for Herreshoff’s yacht COLUMBIA; the tender now hangs in his garage above the 20′ Whitehall. Three graduate degrees in archeology and anthropology were followed by 13 years of teaching at universities in the U.S. and Australia and then 25 years working as a consultant on economic development projects focused on the Pacific Islands where he learned to sail traditional wood canoes: in 1973 on the island of Taha’a in the Leeward Society Islands and in 1988 and again in 1993 on Ifaluk Atoll in the Western Caroline Islands. Tim is now retired and spending as much time on the water as possible.
If you have an interesting story to tell about your adventures with a small boat, please email us a brief outline and a few photos.
If you’re going to lend a hand or ask for a helping hand while you’re afloat and you’re beyond an arm’s reach, you’ll need a length of line to connect across the water. Whether or not you’re able to quickly pull some unfortunate out of the drink or have someone keep you from drifting away from a dock depends on how well you’ve prepared the line for throwing.
For my 36′ monkey’s-fist heaving line I’ve been using a simple coil, twisting the line with each loop to get it to lie flat against the other loops. This works consistently and doesn’t tangle when thrown. The U.S. Coast Guard uses the same method, but neatly making the coil takes a bit of time and attention to ensure that the loops are even and not twisted. I was once handed a hastily coiled line to throw from the boat I was aboard to a dock during a boat festival with dozens of nautically knowledgeable people watching and no time to recoil it. I knew what was going to happen: it would land in a bird’s-nest clump halfway to the target.
There are two other ways to coil a throwing line quickly and effectively: the butterfly coil and the figure-eight coil, which is known in whitewater-river circles as the TRU coil (for Thompson Rivers University). Both alternate the loops of the coil, so no twisting of the line is required to relax them.
The butterfly coil is like the standard coil in that loops are laid in one hand, but instead of making them all in the same direction across the palm of that hand, they’re made on either side of the palm.
The figure-eight coil is a modification of the landlubber’s way of wrapping line in loops along the forearm and around the left thumb and elbow, a method sure to create a tangle.
With practice, both methods can be done very quickly. With the butterfly method, it doesn’t matter how long or even the coils are; with the figure-eight method, the loops are sized automatically.
These coils are ideal for making repeated throws of a rescue throw bag if you miss the first time. You retrieve the line as you make either coil and when the bag is back with the coil you’re ready to throw them together.
Both the butterfly and the figure-eight coils can be secured for stowing by leaving a yard or so of line at the end of the coils and using it to make a few frapping turns around the coil below the left hand, adding turns upward. With a few feet of line left, pull a bight though the top arch of the coils as you remove your left hand. Then bring the tail end over the top of the coil, tuck it through the bight, and pull it tight.
Christopher Cunningham is the editor of Small Boats.
You can share your tips and tricks of the trade with other Small Boats readers by sending us an email.
When I stepped aboard a friend’s little motor cruiser, the first bit of kit I noticed was a rescue throw bag hanging at the ready from the wheelhouse overhead. It got me thinking about the usefulness of a dedicated rescue line and the fact that I didn’t have one. I’d assumed that with all the lines I have on board, including my heaving line with a monkey’s fist, whichever one I could lay my hands on could be used as a throw rope in an emergency. But what I might have handy might not float or be coiled in a manner that I could deploy quickly and throw accurately.
So, I recently bought a Scotty Rescue Throw Bag to fill the gap in my safety gear. Its bright orange bag is 8″ long, 4 1⁄2″ in diameter, and it has a disc of 3⁄4″-thick closed-cell foam for flotation on the inside and a band of retroreflective material on the outside for enhanced visibility in the beam of a flashlight. The top of the bag is made of mesh, making the bag self-draining. A cord and spring-toggle tighten the opening around the loop at the end of the line stuffed in the bag so there’s no rummaging around to find the loop to hold onto when throwing the bag. The line is a 50′ length of 9⁄32″ floating polypropylene kernmantle rope. Each end of it has a bight tied with a figure-eight knot. (The knots take up a bit of the line, so its working length is 47′.) The rope is “flaked” into the bag so it will pay out without getting hung up. The bag and line weigh just under 14 oz.
To throw the bag, you open its mouth, hang onto the loop with your non-throwing hand, and pull out about 10’ of line. Next, grab the bag with your other hand and throw it underhand, overhand, or sidearm—whichever you prefer. I practice mostly underhand and some overhand. The aim is to get the bag to land beyond the rescuee with the line draped over them. The 47′ length of the line is more than enough. My best throws, on land where I could measure them, were at 45′. More often the bag landed at a distance of 35′ to 40′. Throwing with accuracy comes with practice.
There are different methods for stuffing the line back into the bag, and all involve pushing just a few inches of line in at a time. It may seem messy, but it ensures the line will feed out without getting hung up when the bag is thrown. You can hold the bag open with pinkies and ring fingers on both hands and feed the line in, pinching it between thumb and index finger, alternating hands as you push line in. I prefer holding the bag with the ring and pinkie fingers of my right hand and guiding the line with a bit of friction with a stationary right thumb and index finger. The thumb and forefinger of the left hand pull the line in a few inches with each pull. Having the line draped over your shoulder makes either method easier.
Restuffing the bag takes a few minutes and isn’t necessary or practical if you miss connecting with the rescue on the first throw. The coiling methods in this issue’s Technique article are much quicker and ensure the rope doesn’t get tangled when the coil is thrown along with the empty rescue bag.
Because I do a lot of boating alone, much of the safety gear I carry on board was acquired with keeping myself safe in mind. The Scotty Rescue Throw Bag will make me better equipped to help others.
Christopher Cunningham is the editor of Small Boats.
The 793 Rescue Throw Bag is made by Scotty and available from many outdoor and boating retailers and online vendors. The price is around $27.
Is there a product that might be useful for boatbuilding, cruising, or shore-side camping that you’d like us to review? Please email your suggestions.
It’s been a humid, foggy summer in Maine, one of those summers where you don’t leave the shore without a compass. You need one in fog or if you are doing any open-water rowing. It might be something as simple as a hiking compass tucked into a PFD pocket—a compass that you won’t use to navigate precisely but one that will get you home when the world closes down to 100 yards visibility.
If you want something better, there are lots of compasses available. Some are removable, some want a fixed mount, but almost all of them assume that you are facing forward. If you’re rowing, that poses a problem. To see it as you row, the compass has to be between you and the stern. If you use a regular compass, set or mounted so its lubber line is parallel to the boat’s centerline, you’ll need some math. Adding or subtracting 180 from the number you see on the compass card is easier if you add 200 and subtract 20 if your course is less than 200, or subtract 200 and add 20 for courses 200 and greater.
In the days of flat-card box compasses, you could read your course directly from the card, just by reading the edge that was closest to you, whether you were facing forward or aft. Small ones were sold as dory compasses, part of the standard outfit for fishing on the Grand Banks. You can find them in antique stores, and there are replicas available.
The Ritchie company, which has been manufacturing compasses of outstanding quality since 1850, makes its reverse-reading Rowing Compass, a modern spherical compass designed for the rower. The card is printed backward so that the lubber line, on the bow-facing side of the compass, indicates the course that you are rowing. Clearly printed on the top of the card is “DIAL READS 180° OUT.” With white marks printed on the black card, it is highly visible, with numbers every 30 degrees and easily legible vertical marks every 10 degrees and, in between them, dots marking the 5-degree increments. The compass is 4 1⁄4″ in diameter and has a 2 3⁄4″ card. Outside of the dome is a movable bezel, Ritchie’s “CourseMinder,” with big numbers mirroring the compass markings. You use it by turning the bezel to set your course under the lubber line, then just steer the boat to match the compass card with the CourseMinder. I find the compass easily readable from 3′ or so away; the ideal distance is a mount below your knees, at your feet, or on a thwart aft of your rowing thwart.
The compass is designed to be removable. Its base has two small keyhole openings and a glued-on layer of foam. The non-magnetic screws to fit the keyholes need to be installed on a line parallel to the boat’s centerline. When you install the compass over the screws it locks with its lubber line in the proper orientation. If you have a place on your boat to mount the compass where you can leave it installed, the screws that hold it won’t be a problem. If, however, you mount the compass on a thwart or floorboards, the protruding screws will catch on you when the compass is removed. I suggest mounting the compass on a block of wood and working out a way to bungee the block to a thwart or add a spline on the bottom to slip into a gap between floorboards.
If you have neither floorboards nor thwart aft, some creativity will be needed. My friend Bob Lombardo solved the problem in his Gloucester Gull by making a footboard mount using a triangular block as a base to which a wooden compass baseboard is bungeed.
With handheld GPS units common, why a compass? Reliability and legibility. Batteries run out of power at inopportune moments, and I’ve had devices fail from moisture getting into “waterproof” battery compartments. A GPS on a fixed mount can’t be moved to read a small screen in direct sunlight, and a handheld GPS tends to wander about the boat. Compasses, on the other hand, have centuries of unfailing performance behind them and can be read at a glance.
Ben Fuller, curator emeritus of the Penobscot Marine Museum in Searsport, Maine, and former curator of Mystic Seaport and Chesapeake Bay Maritime Museum, has been messing about in small boats for a very long time. He is owned by a dozen or more boats ranging from an International Canoe to a faering.
Working as the editor of Small Boats for the past nine years has given me the opportunity to meet, correspond with, and work with a lot of remarkable people from all over the world. Jim Schroer, who first emailed me on March 29 of last year, was one of them. In the subject line he had written the following: “Hi Christopher, launched in Feb. after 6 months work, still not done. I’m a reader and this is reader built. Is there a way to get the info to you without all the composing and typing? thanks, Jim.”
While those few words didn’t say much about him, the photographs that appeared copied in the body of his email suggested Jim was a kindred spirit. The johnboat he had built for river cruising echoed many of the ideas I’d had for HESPERIA, the little camp cruiser I’d built with all the comforts and conveniences I’d dreamed of while on my earlier cruises.
In our subsequent emails and phone calls, I learned that Jim and I had even more in common. We both had done long cruises in small boats, though he had done many more and continued even after getting married and having twin daughters. Our fathers were teachers and we both had attended the schools where they taught. We both had flown hang gliders, though he had become an accomplished and licensed flier and I could only claim to have gotten airborne, briefly, with bamboo, plastic sheet, rope, and duct tape. As an aircraft pilot, Jim had aspired to own a Stearman biplane, the trainer my mother had flown while with the Women Airforce Service Pilots (WASP) in World War II.
After our calls, I was always eager to share what we’d talked about with Rachel, and Jim evidently did the same with his wife, Sher. In an email he sent on April 10 of 2022, he wrote: “My wife explained it this way after hearing about all your adventures and boat building ‘I guess you’ve found your brother by another mother.’” I was honored to be regarded so by someone whose accomplishments far outshone my own.
Jim had offered the photos of his latest boat for a possible Reader Built Boat article, but as I was reviewing the many photos he’d sent of his boats and travels and transcribing the recordings I’d made of our phone calls it became clear that there was so much to his story that our narrative feature was the better place for it. I told Jim I would be pleased to write it, but months went by without leaving me time to work on the article.
We kept in touch by email and my last message to him, dated October 25, 2022, ended with, “Is all well with you?” I never heard back from him. Sher emailed me a few months later: “This is Sher, Jim’s wife. I am writing to convey the sad news that Jim passed away. I would like to thank you for all that you have done. It meant so much to Jim to have his life’s work recognized.” She added that she and her daughter “were facing the task of finding homes for the many beautiful things that he had made (the most recent boat, canoes, kayaks and many paddles).” For the things that they wanted to sell, I suggested a few places, including our Small Boats Classifieds, where they could post ads. I had been intrigued by one of the paddles Jim had made that appeared in one of his photos. Sher was happy to let me buy it and had it safely boxed and mailed to me.
Jim passed away on December 27, 2022, at the age of 79. In March of 2023, I turned 70, entering a decade on that perilously steepening slope that lies “over the hill,” where time passes more swiftly and opportunities can easily slip away. Jim and I never met face to face, and I don’t have any pictures of the two of us together but I now have a paddle that he made. While it will do nicely to keep him and our nascent friendship close at hand, it will also remind me to be more mindful about how and where I spend my time because people can slip away too.
Joe Lanni’s boatbuilding journey began in 2020 when he built 3’S A CROWD, a sectional rowing and sailing skiff designed by Ken Simpson. Two years later, in search of something “more boatlike…a composition of curves flowing into one another,” he built David Beede’s Wackless Lassie, based on Fritz Funk’s Wacky Lassie. Still a boat of relatively simple construction—hard chine, flat bottom, sheet-plywood sides and bottom—the Wackless Lassie had enough curve and subtle sheer to satisfy Joe’s aesthetic leanings. But even as he christened it PARTY OF ONE, Joe was already musing about his next boat: “probably something larger and with, perhaps, even more curves.”
In 2023, Joe did, indeed, launch his third boat, a Puddle Duck Racer. “The complete opposite of a boat with nice lines and curves,” admits Joe. “It is quite literally a box.”
But Joe describes himself as the perpetual novice and, despite his appreciation for more complex hull designs, and his proud admission that his skills are “much improved,” he didn’t feel he was quite ready to “build a more complicated type of sailboat.”
There were no boats in Joe’s early life, nor even any woodworking experience. He watched his father work on carpentry projects in the house but never got to help. But he has always loved boats and has always been good with his hands—today he is a middle-school art teacher. He is also, by his own admission, addicted to small wooden boats. “I can’t stop looking at SmallBoats and WoodenBoat. I dream of all the boats I would like to make and use. If I had better woodworking skills, my addiction would be much easier to take.”
The Puddle Duck Racer was the brainchild of David “Shorty” Routh, who devised the class in 2003 so that amateur boatbuilders could get out on the water, easily and cheaply. Shorty enjoyed building boats, messing about in boats, and racing boats. But when he realized there was no club that catered to and encouraged all three, he established his own and created the 8′-LOA Puddle Duck Racer as the club boat.
There were simple rules: all Puddle Duck Racers must have the same shape for the hull’s flat parallel sides; all must be at least 48″ wide across the bottom; all must have enough emergency flotation to be self-rescuing. Today’s class rules are even simpler: the bottom 10″ of every boat must be identical. But, says Shorty, “it’s not about the limitations of the rules, it’s about the creativity of everything else.”
Joe came across the Puddle Duck Racers during his many wanderings down the rabbit holes of the internet. “They kept popping up,” he says. “I kept reading how surprised people were by how well the boat actually sails, despite being so easy to build.”
At the time, Joe had an old Styrofoam Snark sailboat that had become waterlogged and very heavy. When he saw an image of a Puddle Duck Racer rigged with the instantly recognizable lateen sail of a Snark, he saw his way forward: he could save the usable parts of his old Snark to outfit a new Puddle Duck. He was also drawn to the affordability: “The plans were free; the materials were cheap. I could use my Snark sail and modify the daggerboard—it would be perfect.”
One aspect that attracted Joe to the Puddle Duck Racer was the “encouragement of creativity. The bottom 10″ have to follow the plan, but above that anything goes, and people have introduced a variety of rigs and styles.” The most obvious element of variation is in the flotation. “Shorty Routh considered safety and encouraged the building of airboxes. Some builders have made them lengthwise on either side, others, like me, have placed them in the ends, where they take up less of the cockpit area.” As it says on the Puddle Duck Racer website, with the end airboxes there is “a lot of interior room for passengers, drink cooler, and your dog.” Also, by placing the buoyancy tanks in the ends the skipper is encouraged to sit farther forward, which in turn balances the boat, and the forward tank keeps the boat a little dryer when sailing into a chop. For Joe, there was no doubt, end airboxes were the way to go. He downloaded the plans and building instructions for Jim Michalak’s Catbox design.
Over the winter of 2022–23, Joe built the boat’s parts in his basement. “I used three sheets of exterior-grade plywood, 1⁄4″ for everything except the bottom, which is 3⁄8″.” He started by sketching all the parts full-size on paper. “I taped the paper sheets together and then transferred the drawing to the plywood sheets.” For the framing he used 1 × 2″ pine and, to strengthen the bottom, he would add longitudinal pieces of 1 × 6″ pine. By spring everything was ready for assembly and Joe moved the project outside.
“Always looking for ways to keep the costs down—I have a patient wife who allows me the time to build but did not want me to spend a lot—I decided against using epoxy and fiberglass,” he says. “Instead, I used the same method I used on my two earlier boats: stainless-steel screws, Titebond III waterproof glue, and FibaTape, a self-adhesive fiberglass-mesh tape used by dry wallers.” Titebond is typically used for non-structural joints but, Joe says, when combined with the tape, it “forms a rock-hard seal on the outside edges, which has held up well on my other builds.”
Joe painted the sides of the boat with latex house paint and finished the interior and bottom with exterior porch floor paint. “I didn’t ’glass the bottom,” he says, “because I wanted to keep the expense down until I was sure I liked the boat. Of course, now I wish I had.”
With construction complete, Joe turned his attention to the rig. The sail and spars came from the Snark, but he decided to use the Snark’s daggerboard as his new rudderblade. He fitted it in a pine-framed slot and made the tiller from a single piece of knot-free pine, “stained to look like a more expensive piece of hardwood.” The leeboard was fashioned from a daggerboard reclaimed from an old Sunfish. “It wasn’t long enough so I extended it with a piece of 3⁄4″ pine sandwiched between two pieces of plywood that overlapped the bright-finished board.” He attached some leftover 1×2s to either side of the sheer for strength, to provide some protection for the sides of the boat, and to make a more comfortable perch for the skipper should they wish to sit up to windward. Finally, he made a transom-mounted bracket for a Minn Kota electric trolling motor, and a launching trolley fashioned out of 2×4s and reclaimed bicycle and dolly wheels.
LUCKY DUCK was launched and christened in May 2023, and Joe sailed her all summer long. “My hull is #1108. It says a lot that more than a thousand of these little boats have been built. I read somewhere that there’s no good reason a boat that looks like this should sail as well as it does, and I have to agree, it does sail really well, and it feels super big for such a small boat. I can take my 13-year-old daughter and 11-year-old son for rides, one at a time; it’s pretty comfortable. And it’s standing up well: I’ve dragged it, banged it, bunked it, left it in the rain, and it’s going strong.”
For this year, it seems, Joe’s small-boat addiction has been fed. But there will come a time, he knows, when the rabbit holes will get the better of him, and he’ll be pulled into a new boatbuilding project. Maybe next time, he’ll trust his abilities and go for that “different type of sailboat…a larger one, with more curves.”
Jenny Bennett is managing editor of Small Boats.
Do you have a boat with an interesting story? Please email us. We’d like to hear about it and share it with other Small Boats readers.
We sail across some invisible divide, into a dreamscape in dream time. Time slows.
Away out there, the ocean’s floor creeps. Relentlessly shoves at the granite continent. Inconceivable force hefts coastal ranges to buckled heights. The foreshore fractures and crazes and mazes.
And the sea sweeps in, and with it, fog.
What lives here the years round has winter scribed on its very bones. Stunted trees lean into winds long blown yet soon enough come storms again. We are mere transients. Brief sojourners in summer’s easy embrace. We move among survivors of winter’s mauling wind and wave—and are humbled.
For all this surge and surf, these waters teem with life a’roar and a’roil, adapting to each moment.
We drift and row and sail among wonders, wondering. Our senses flung wide. Our selves hushed. Our hearts and breaths slow to the tempo of this place.
My first sailboat was a Summer Breeze, an 11′ 8″ flatiron skiff designed by David Beede, and winner of the 2001 Duckworks design contest. For decades I was content to paddle canoes, then, one blustery day on Ross Lake, my wife and I were hammering the water like we were killing snakes while trying to round a point when it popped into my head that it would be really nice to have a boat that could harness the wind instead of fighting it. About that time, I found Gavin Atkin’s book Ultrasimple Boatbuilding and it convinced me to build my own boat, one that could comfortably sail two people for short camping trips. The book includes only one tiny photo of the Summer Breeze but somehow it was enough to capture my imagination.
Then I found David Beede’s website and was impressed by his description of the boat: “Summer Breeze was designed to be the most boat from the least materials. It is a robust all-purpose skiff targeted primarily at pleasurable rowing and sailing in protected waters, but also suitable for a small motor. It’s light enough to car top, narrow enough for most truck beds, and yet has capacity for two adults and a child. When fully loaded (up to 500 lbs) with two adults and gear her transom and stem barely touch the water.”
That sounded ideal. I decided to trust David and, heck, the plans were free. Back in 2017 I spent $235 on three sheets of exterior grade 1⁄4″ plywood, some good 2×4s, and some brass screws. For the adhesive, the instructions recommended PL Premium construction adhesive, epoxy, and Titebond II, which is what I chose to use.
The free building instructions on David’s website may seem a little disorganized at first—because they are duplicated in two places—but they include a lot of useful information based on several builds. There are also printable drawings for the plywood layout, center frame, transom, and sail.
The sides of the boat are lofted to measured drawings showing their positions on sheets of plywood. Butt blocks, screwed and glued, join the two pieces that make up each side. The plans don’t call for it but I later ’glassed the outside of the butt joints with polyester resin and 2″ fiberglass tape.
The single frame has plywood gussets at the chine corners. The drawings indicate a cross spall, but the frame didn’t seem to need one—bending the sides in around the frame didn’t impose too much force and didn’t distort it.
The shaping of the hull begins with bending pre-shaped sides around a center frame and connecting them to the beveled stem and transom. External chine logs are attached with glue and bronze ring-shank nails, then planed flat. The two pieces for the bottom, cut slightly oversize, are dry fitted then joined with a butt block near the bow. The full panel for the bottom is then glued and nailed in place before being trimmed flush with the chine logs. It’s about as simple as a boat can be.
David didn’t include a seat in his prototype: “I like that space open for sailing,” he wrote. “With no centerboard trunk, the whole boat becomes a cockpit with much sprawling space. I prefer to sit on a moveable seat when I row, usually a stack of cushions.” He did include a drawing for short risers attached to the center frame and a pair of 1×2 supports set forward of the frame and parallel to it. A thwart would be cut to fit on the risers. I originally made two removable rowing thwarts using similar side frames and risers. One thwart sits amidships for solo use and the other can be set forward for when there is a passenger in the stern and you need to trim the boat. I made the thwarts from heavy 1′ × 8′ rough-cut boards but I eventually tired of the weight and clutter in the boat. I replaced them with a portable storage box/rowing seat, as per David’s suggestion and it suits the purpose nicely.
I made the rudder and its pivoting blade rudder to David’s specifications, but I used a pair of old door hinges for gudgeons, knocked out the original hinge pins, and connected them with one long 3⁄16″ rod. The plans call for seatbelt webbing as the rudder “hardware,” between the rudder stock and a tapered wooden wedge that slips between a pair of mating wedges on the transom.
The instructions suggest running the mainsheet “through a hole in the tiller that has been routed into a kind of smooth fairlead.” The sheet is clamped by light downward pressure of the tiller against the rudderhead. It works surprisingly well and allows for one-handed sailing. I added a bungee cord stretched across the stern which catches a cleat on the tiller to hold it and the sheet in place, at least in light winds, allowing a solo sailor to let go of the helm long enough to unwrap lunch.
The Summer Breeze has a standing lug with a sprit boom spreading a sail of 63 sq ft. My mast, yard, and boom were made from cedar saplings. For the mast, the instructions call for a 10′ 2×4 tapered along the upper 7′. It is stepped with the wider face athwartship. David cautions, “If you end up in conditions you think are going to break your 2×4, get out your oars and get home!” David also documents making a mast of two pieces cut from a 2×6 on a taper, glued together, eight-sided, and rounded. David used bamboo for the yard and sprit boom and suggested 10′ closet rod or 2×2 as alternatives.
A link on the Summer Breeze webpage provides instructions for making a lugsail from poly tarp. I’d found a big tarp, laid it out on my rather uneven lawn and, using wooden battens, cut it out as best I could to the dimensions David provides. It was hemmed and reinforced with double-sided fiberglass carpet tape. Amazingly, this sail was very effective and surprisingly close-winded. But, by the end of the second outing it was little more than a rag. The tarp material was wearing out, the carpet tape no longer holding. I bought a new tarp and made another sail to the same pattern, carefully sewing it together with many reinforcements. Sadly, it never worked as well as the original—the leech fluttered and the sail was never very close-winded. I used it for several years and it held up perfectly, but I eventually tired of its lackluster performance and carefully sewed a third sail, still to the same pattern. This one works better. It seems that making a truly good sail is something of an art.
I took a hint from one of Dynamite Payson’s books and sealed the plywood with Bondo polyester resin thinned with acetone. This sank right into the plywood and seems to have prevented it from checking. I found free paint at a local recycling center.
It took me about two months to complete my Summer Breeze, much of the time being spent waiting for the glue and paint to dry. The boat weighs more than it should, a hair over 100 lbs. I knew nothing of boatbuilding so many of the components are oversized and I used heavy larch for much of it. Call it “workboat specs.”
The day I cartopped the boat to a local lake for its maiden voyage was the first time in my life I’d rowed a boat, and it took a little getting used to. I soon discovered that it rows surprisingly well when light and have rowed it more than 10 miles a day many times. I’ve become fond of rowing: it’s good exercise and I can row faster than I can solo paddle a canoe and keep at it longer.
On that first outing, the breeze picked up, and I decided to raise the sail. The halyard passes through a hole at the top of the mast and is made fast to a pin on the mast partner. The downhaul is looped around the mast under the partner, fed through the loop of the bowline and pulled tight; it is finished off with a quick-release knot. The snotter is pulled tight to tension the boom and is also made fast to a pin on the mast partner. We were soon sailing faster than I could row. Before long the breeze intensified, and the Summer Breeze was really zooming along. The boat is quite stable and unlikely to go over if kept out of the whitecaps. I think I was hitting 6 knots that day, quite a clip for such a short boat. Since that exciting first day, I’ve seldom been able to match that speed, but David reports hitting a measured 7.5 knots “quite a few times.”
The Summer Breeze has a single leeboard on the starboard side, which is used on both tacks. Mine was inspired by the designs of Jim Michalak and is a little more sophisticated than the one shown on David’s website. It pivots on a bolt through the hull and an extension of the board forms a handle for raising and lowering it. A lanyard, which passes through the leeboard and is retained by a stopper knot, can be cleated off to hold the board up or down. In practice, friction and gravity hold the board well.
The boat tacks just fine. I have no trouble switching sides in the cockpit, but sailing the boat would probably be a bit easier for a smaller, more agile sailor.
David notes “being all wood, this skiff won’t sink, however it won’t float high enough when swamped to make self-rescue very feasible,” and he provides general instructions for installing blocks of construction foam as flotation. I fitted blocks of 2″ rigid foam insulation along the interior of the boat under the inwale, wrapped the blocks in leftover tarp material and lashed them firmly in place using paracord and small eye screws. This should be enough flotation to make bailing after a capsize relatively easy. While I haven’t yet tested it, it’s a nice surface to lean back against when sailing.
My wife and I took the boat on a three-day island-hopping trip on Priest Lake, Idaho. Our food pack was stashed under the tiller, our tent and a dry bag with clothes and bedding went in front of the mast, leaving the whole center of the boat open for lounging. The trip was a great success, but other boaters couldn’t understand how we fit in something so small. At the end of the first day, we encountered winds so strong along the east coast of Kalispell Island that we could only just manage to work the boat to windward. It felt like a solid 25 mph, gusting higher. Without all the ballast on board I would have had to drop the sail and row, or more likely beach the boat and walk it along shore. I’ve since added a row of reef points to reduce the sail to about 45 sq ft.
In 2019 I took the boat on the first Salish 100, a 100-mile cruise running nearly the full length of Washington’s Puget Sound. I ’glassed the whole bottom (which fixed a leak that had developed) and made a rowing seat/stowage box to replace the removable thwarts. I left the seat risers in to lash things to. The only shorter boats in the race were two Mirror dinghies, but my boat was the cheapest, for what that’s worth.
There was some fine sailing, a long exhausting day of rowing, and a day when I set out reefed and opted for a tow when it began blowing over 20 knots. In rough water the boat rolled rail to rail several times but did not take on any water except for spray. It was a challenging week, but the Summer Breeze got me safely over the finish line.
I’ve had many more adventures, especially on Lake Roosevelt, a reservoir in Eastern Washington, where I often go for day sails and occasional overnight trips. I dream of taking the boat from the Canadian border down the Columbia River and Lake Roosevelt to the Grand Coulee Dam some summer.
I have since built bigger, more sophisticated boats but LA MADALENA, my simple little Summer Breeze, is always the first out of storage and the last to be put away for the winter.
Bob Van Putten and his wife live off-grid deep in the mountains of Washington State in a straw-bale cottage they constructed for themselves more than 20 years ago. He is a self-employed systems integration technician specializing in smaller municipal water and wastewater systems.
When my wife and I decided to start cruising together, we acquired a 19′ Phil Bolger–designed Chebacco gaff cat-yawl and quickly realized that we’d need to find a dinghy as well. Although it will float in a foot of water, the Chebacco’s weight and bulk make shore landing more challenging than we are used to in either our Oughtred Arctic Tern or Adirondack guideboat, both of which can be easily beached. Moreover, we cruise the tidal waters of Oregon and Washington, where the possibility of being stuck aground in an outgoing tide makes it prudent to anchor out and row ashore.
The first season we towed a plastic sit-on-top kayak. It was easy to transport and light enough to carry solo, but it was a wet ride, had no cargo capacity, and was challenging to climb aboard from the Chebacco.
The following winter, I researched other lightweight options, including an inflatable packraft, as well as some plywood boats like the Nutshell Pram. I eliminated the packraft because it seemed it would sit low in the water and be another wet ride. While the Nutshell is a proven design, at 90 lbs it would be too heavy to lift and carry by myself.
Upon further research, I discovered the 6′ 8″ by 3′ 8″ Portage Pram, available as a kit with CNC-cut plywood parts and having a finished weight of 35 lbs. I borrowed a completed pram that a friend had built, and after a few minutes at the oars I realized that its combination of light weight and good handling would be perfect for our needs.
The Portage Pram was originally designed for solid-wood construction in the 1970s by Bill Peterson at Murray G. Peterson Associates. Duckworks Boatbuilders Supply prototyped an ultralight plywood version in 2017 and soon after began selling kits. (Recently, Duckworks started offering a sailing version of the kit.)
The rowing-only kit I ordered arrived in a flat-packed crate approximately 7′ × 2′ × 3″. All pieces were precut and required only minor sanding. A 190-page digital manual, illustrated with color photographs and drawings, guides builders through the steps of construction. The manual was helpful, although it was last updated in 2021 and did not represent all aspects of the latest updates to the design (and could be edited for brevity). As an example, the manual showed a previous version of the gunwales, which were composed of 6mm plywood inwales and outwales supplemented amidships by shorter inwale doublers, each made of two layers of 6mm plywood laminated inside the inwale. The kit was delivered with an updated gunwale construction: closed-cell foam pieces to be encapsulated in plywood strips and fiberglass to create a curved bow-to-stern box beam.
The pram is initially assembled with zip ties, using the stitch-and-glue method. Its benches have precisely cut tabs that connect to slots in the hull. The chines are filleted with thickened epoxy. The gunwales, lower chines, and entire bottom of the pram are covered with fiberglass for strength. Building the pram is straightforward and involves basic woodworking tasks, such as trimming plywood, drilling holes, applying epoxy, and sanding. This makes it an easy project for first-time builders. I spent about 60 hours on the construction, with some extra time figuring out how to assemble the foam-cored gunwales.
The completed pram has a comfortable 11″ × 32″ aft bench. A 40″-long T-shaped forward bench, along with two sets of oarlocks, allows a rower to shift as needed to balance a second person or heavy load in the boat. The 8″-high benches sit atop sealed compartments, each providing about 1.5 cubic feet of flotation or dry storage if ports are added for access. No floorboards or foot braces are specified in the plans. The recommended oarlocks are tubular plastic sleeves installed vertically through the gunwales.
My boat weighs 43 lbs, including a stainless-steel pad-eye for towing, two nylon cleats, two pairs of bronze oarlocks, and two watertight plastic inspection ports. Even as a middle-aged man, I find the pram easy to load onto my car’s roof rack or roll up a beach on a fender. Carrying the boat solo from car to shore is easy.
Getting in and out of the pram from a dock or a boat is like climbing aboard a large canoe. The pram can slide horizontally if I don’t place my weight in its center but overall is fairly stable. Due to its flat bottom, it rolls very little, especially when we climb aboard or adjust our weight while seated. When using the pram solo on flat water, I find it stable enough to stand up in. It can comfortably hold two adults, a full 3-gallon gas can, and a bag of groceries.
Although no oar length is specified in the plans, I used the Shaw and Tenney oar-length formula and made 6′ 6″ straight-blade cedar oars, which are effective and stow flat on the seats while towing. The two rowing stations function well as designed, and the boat balances nicely, with one or two aboard. At 6′ 1″, I am unable to fully stretch out my long legs when I’m rowing at the center station with my feet braced against the aft bulkhead. When I’m rowing at the forward position, I just rest my feet on the lower strakes. Although I prefer foot braces in a rowing boat, I do not miss them in the pram because their absence keeps the boat light, and I only use the pram to travel short distances. The boat rows comfortably at around 2 knots; at faster speeds the oars and bow splash, getting me, and the inside of the pram, wet. There is a sculling notch in the transom; it works, but with a 6′ 6″ oar, I find it challenging to use while maintaining good trim by squatting near the aft thwart.
The pram tracks well with one person aboard, and even better with two. While rowing solo, the rocker allows it to turn quickly and playfully, but it never turns without my choosing to. With a second person aboard, the two skegs on the aft end are better engaged with the water and keep the boat going straight, even in a strong crosswind. The pram tracks and rows comfortably in winds up to about 10 knots; however, splash and spray come on board more often when there is any kind of chop or wake. Surprisingly, while towing it through 2′ to 3′ chop or in crosswinds, the interior can remain almost entirely dry.
The pram is impressively well mannered when towed by our Chebacco under sail or motor. It follows our track whether going straight or turning, and whether the water is choppy or smooth. Even when faced with multiple large wakes from passing trawlers, the pram rises without tipping or taking on water, then resumes following behind. It never surges forward during rough conditions, threatening to hit our sailboat.
For such a small and light boat, the Portage Pram carries a substantial load and has the stability of a larger craft. Aside from the occasional challenge of keeping it from hitting our sailboat while boarding and deboarding the pram’s easy manners make going ashore elegant and fun.
Bruce Bateau, a regular contributor to Small Boats, sails and rows traditional boats with a modern twist in Portland, Oregon. His stories and adventures can be found at his website, Terrapin Tales.
If you were to draw all of Jim Schroer’s travels on an atlas of the world, it would look as if an untended toddler had scribbled all over it with great scrawls across two oceans and a tangle of squiggles all over the eastern half of the U.S. But the intricate lines are the tracings of a waterman’s life, shaped by water winding across a continent and wind wandering over oceans.
Jim had never intended to share his stories beyond his family and friends. The notion of publishing anything soured after his first ocean crossing: “After my girlfriend and I sailed a 19 1⁄2′ boat to Hawaii, she talked to a person who was writing an article while I was out trying to earn some money so we could fly back to the mainland. It must’ve been a year later when we were cruising in the Florida Keys and crossed paths with somebody who had read the article. He showed us the magazine it was in and asked, ‘Is this you?’ We said it was. The title of the article was ‘From Yachts to Buckets They Come to Hawaii.’ Of course, the bucket was our boat, which I did not appreciate much. So, I figured people who write articles are more concerned with themselves than the people they’re writing about. And I don’t think that about you, and it’s because I’m comfortable with what you do that I’m doing this. This is very different for me because I’ve never gone for recognition or fame or whatever you might call it. But I’ve been reading your articles and what you’ve done and that convinced me that I could do this.”
Jim passed away suddenly and unexpectedly in December of 2022. His wife Sher and his daughter Zoey were eager to have me publish his story in Small Boats and provided invaluable assistance with finishing this project. In 2022, I recorded two long phone conversations I had with Jim. The last call ended with him laughing and saying, “Okay, this might be the longest I’ve ever been on the phone.” Below, in his words, is what he had to say.
Travels and Boats
The first thing was the Mississippi River in 1968 and that was about three months in a 17′ Grumman from Itasca to New Orleans. I did Itasca to Minnesota alone and then I picked up a girlfriend and did the rest of it with her.
After the Mississippi, my girlfriend, cat, and I hitchhiked back to St. Louis to get my truck. We then went west to California and bought a little blue-hulled 19 1⁄2′ sloop. Apparently, the owners thought they had broken something underneath. When we hauled it out, the plywood form that they had poured the cement keel into was torn off, half torn off, and sticking out. I guess they thought it was the keel itself. We got the boat cheap and just ripped the plywood off. We used a bunch of instant concrete and smoothed it up.
We didn’t know anything, but I read everything in the San Diego library about singlehanded sailing. I then had a lot of theoretical knowledge but no experience. We sailed the sloop to Hawaii. I had rerigged it with two jennies to run downwind, a tradewinds thing, but they overpowered the little boat, so we only used one. That was better than the mainsail, which made it difficult to steer—it wanted to round up when we didn’t want to round up. Our slow trip to Hawaii took 39 days. In Hawaii we sold the boat. That was in 1969.
After that, the big one was to the Atlantic islands in 1975 in the TRESARUS, a 28′ 8″ Atkin cutter. I left Cape May, New Jersey, and sailed to the Azores, Madeira, Cape Verde. That was with a girlfriend, a different one, but they were close friends. [Laughs] When one departed, the other one moved right in. I sailed alone after Cape Verde and had the fastest passage over to Barbados. That was just under 15 days. That was not fun, but I always said if I had the chance to do something fast in the boat, I would just grit my teeth and do it just so I could brag about it. It was horrendous. It was noisy plowing through the water all the time, bashing around, and having a hard time staying in the bunk. There were times the boat slowed down to 4 knots and I’d put up the topsail and get it back up to 5 1⁄2. I had back-to-back 265-mile days in that little cutter. Normal sailing would be 100 miles per 24 hours. From Barbados, I went up the island chain to the U.S. Virgins and then I sailed to Panama to go through the canal, but I didn’t get to, so I sailed up to Newport. That was in ’75. I don’t recall how long that took.
My wife Sher, daughters Robin and Zoey, and I did a long canoe trip ’79. That was what I call the Maine Triangle. It’s probably the trip I’m most proud of. That was with a boat we called TSHANNA, which is an Indian name for The Silent One. It was a wooden and canvas 20 footer and it was quiet. We had rebuilt that. We re-canvassed it and patched up all the broken frames. It was a $30 canoe when we bought it—well, my wife, Sher, and the girlfriend bought it—for my birthday and we took it to Florida. We were then living on that cutter. We did that in a little park next to the marina. We re-canvassed it, and got it ready and then we hauled it all the way up Maine. My wife and I and two daughters—I don’t really remember if the cats went or not—went up the Penobscot, and up the West Branch and up the North Branch until we ran out of water. It was a beautiful month, and it didn’t rain on us hardly at all, so we didn’t have any water when we got to the North Branch. So we backed down and went over, what’s that called, the Mud Pond Carry. And then we got into the Allagash, and went down the Allagash to the St. John, and down the St. John to the coast and down the coast to Penobscot Bay and up to where we started the trip and left our vehicle. That was about two-and-a-half, almost three months. Great trip, a great trip. The girls don’t want anything to do with boating anymore. I lost my crew after that trip.
Did I tell you about the problems in the Florida Keys, getting raided because we were camping hidden in the woods? Well, let me see, that was TEATIME TURTLE, the 22′ lapstrake. It was 1981 and we got a delivery car to drive to Miami, Florida, and we put this great big canoe on top of it, which you’re not supposed to do on a delivery car. This was with the two girls, twin daughters Zoey and Robin, who were 9 at the time. We never got to pick the car and just got what they had available, but I couldn’t complain about the Mercedes. It was very nice. I dropped the canoe and the family on the beach in Miami and delivered the car and got back somehow. Off we went in the canoe. There were lots of little islands, so we didn’t have to go very far to make our first camp. I remember the island was full of flip-flops. We had a contest to see who could get a pair of flip-flops that fit. That was great fun. We paddled along the Florida Keys and got down to Marathon. There we went into the harbor, way up into the top of it, found some woods, and hauled out. We put up a tent and made a barricade to hide the canoe and covered it with a tarp. We were there for days while I went to work at a marina. It was almost Christmas. We didn’t have any money, so I had to make some. I varnished a boat and did this and that. One day I came back and Sher was real upset because the police had shown up and told her it was illegal to camp there. They took her and the girls down to the station, hassled them, and then told them that if we continued camping, they would confiscate the girls. While they said they would take the girls away, they couldn’t actually do much to us because we were from out of town and not Florida residents. They couldn’t get us for the girls not being in school.
Sher didn’t want to continue after that. We paddled out and stopped to talk to a guy on a boat. He had two more boats in the harbor, and he let us spend the night on one of them. But then his wife didn’t like the idea of him letting weirdos stay on the boat, so we went over to where the fishing fleet was. They were cleaning out the area with a bulldozer making a pile of junk, a great big hill of junk. On top of it was this old plywood motorboat, an open boat, and kind of big but with a hole in it. I found a guy with a pickup truck and told him I’d give him a couple of six packs if he would pull the boat down and to the water. He did, happily, and I patched the hole and we put it into a little creek area of the harbor. We moved aboard it, and the police never bothered us again. We put the canoe on top and then the tarp over it and we had it enclosed that way. We spent the rest of the winter in that junk boat meeting all sorts of interesting people including Cubans who were arriving about that time. They loved the girls and would bring them food. They thought we were destitute, I guess, but we weren’t really.
I bought an Oldsmobile from a fisherman and I guess he used to throw fish in the trunk because it was really rusted out. To get it ready to haul us back to Rhode Island I took it to a mechanic and said, “I’d like it looked at to see if it would get us back to Rhode Island. Could you put it on the lift?” He took a quick look under it and said, “No, we can’t lift it because it’ll probably break in half.” We decided to forgo that and drove it to Rhode Island anyway. It was a great comfortable car, but I couldn’t get out of the driver’s door because it was smashed. I had to get out the passenger door, but otherwise it did really well. It was just difficult to pay tolls.
Our north Florida trip was in ’87 with TEATIME TURTLE, the varnished 22′ lapstrake canoe. I had a boat shop in St. Petersburg, Bayside Boatworks, for a couple of years. The Atkin cutter was in a little bitty harbor behind the Salvador Dalí Museum and the shop was about a block away from the water, so we could go down to look at the boat. We were living in a school bus at the time.
Anyway, that canoe trip was up the St. Marys River, down the Suwanee, and then along the Gulf coast, up the Withlacoochee, down the Hillsborough, and into Tampa.
The friends who took us to the St. Marys lived in Tampa, so we called them up and went back home with them to where the truck was. You know, I haven’t found any sort of notes or log on that trip so I really don’t know how long that was. It was a winter trip and cold a couple of times because we had frost on the canoe. It looked like snow.
And then, let’s see, the nine-month canoe trip in Maine was in ’95–’96. It was an open-ended trip without a destination. The girls were much older so Sher and I went without them but with our four cats. We were going to paddle forever—that’s what we had in mind. We started at Popham Beach, just below Bath, and went up the Kennebec River and all the way up the Androscoggin to Errol, New Hampshire. There we portaged by vehicle—that’s where you go talk somebody into taking you over in a pickup truck or stick your thumb out—over to the Connecticut River. It’s not very far actually, just one highway, and that was to Colebrook. Then we paddled down the Connecticut River, through Massachusetts and Connecticut all the way down to the coast. A great trip. A great river.
There we got picked up by friends from Rhode Island and taken back home so Sher could visit with our daughters. It was September and I knew that we were going to get caught by weather, so I bought a junker and we loaded up and, instead of taking the canoe west to the Genesee River, which dumps into Lake Ontario, we drove to Pennsylvania and started on the upper Allegheny River.
And, of course, the police caught us there. Well, I wanted to sell the car and the guy I tried to sell it to called the police and said, “This guy is trying to sell me a stolen car.” They didn’t catch us driving but as we were unloading the canoe from the roof racks and getting ready to go down the river. Somehow, they just decided to forget it. Maybe because we weren’t driving. Anyway, they did all the stuff they had to and left. I gave the car to somebody.
Sher and I paddled down the Allegheny to the Ohio River then up the Kanawha. At the New River, Sher’s sister from Boone, North Carolina, came up with a little Coleman canoe, and Sher went to North Carolina with her in the big canoe. I went up to the New River, which was a fantastic, very interesting trip. When I got into North Carolina it was freezing. My tennis shoes would be frozen outside the tent every morning.
Once I got to North Carolina, I thought that’s good enough. Sher and her sister picked me up and we did Thanksgiving in Boone. We bought a motor for the canoe because I thought we could still maybe beat winter if we had a motor. That was stupid, because we didn’t beat it, and Sher’s sister and husband gave us a portage over the height of land over to the French Broad River. We descended the Tennessee River, and then the Tombigbee River down to the Gulf coast. We did a little along the coast, but I knew that if we went too far we’d wind up back at Cedar Key where we had already been on our North Florida trip. It was too early to head back north and I couldn’t think of anything else so we kind of gave up. A friend flew down, rented a truck to carry the canoe, pick us up, and take us to Saint Pete. We stayed there a while. But anyway, that was that trip, a big one.
We bought a van that my brother had for sale cheap, mainly because it needed a lot of work. I fixed it up and we made a bed in it. We traveled in it for a year and then found a nice motorcoach in Florida. We traveled in it and towed the van with the canoe on top of it. That was from ’96 to ’99 and we went paddling here and there.
In 2000, I got this job as caretaker here at a camp in Rhode Island. Or I should say my wife got me this job. It really wasn’t my idea. So, after 2000 it has just been trips of a week to 10 days on New England rivers doing all of the river except for the whitewater parts at the beginnings. A couple of rivers I split in half and did three days for part of it and three days the rest of it, like the Kennebec. I did the Machias River, the Grand Lake Stream, the Delaware River, and the Saint John River, which is up along Canada. The Saint John was interesting because without a passport I couldn’t camp or even land on Canada’s side. It was the first river that had only one bank that I could get out on.
These trips were all in solo canoes. One was a 14′ Bell Wildfire made of ABS. Then I got a lighter one, which was a Mohawk Solo 13. The Solo 13 is 1′ shorter and not as pretty but it’s lighter and I’m getting older, so that is good. Then I got a a 12′ Kevlar ADK and went for three or four years doing different things in the Adirondacks, mostly for a week at a time.
In 2020 I drove to the Susquehanna River. It starts in New York and continues all the way down to the Chesapeake. That’s a big river so I did just the part in New York. That was the first year of the pandemic, so nobody was on the banks and nobody was on the river. The highway runs along the river almost the whole way so I hid water bottles on my way to the put-in so I wouldn’t have to go to people’s houses to ask for water. That worked out really well. A good trip.
There was another nice solo in 2014 that took 10 or 11 days from north to south in Rhode Island. I started up near the northern border and worked my way down the river to the bay. I got out of the bay at Fall River and paddled several rivers and came out at Westerly. I crossed over to Connecticut and took out.
I guess that’s about it. It has been pretty constant.
There are a few things other than boating. There was flying. I always have my eyes up in the sky when I hear something. I love the biplanes and always wanted to buy a Stearman biplane. I remember when they were about $5,000 and I just didn’t have quite that much. Then I sold the DISTANT STAR, the big schooner, and I said, “Gee $25,000! I can get a Stearman now.” I looked it up and they were $60,000 at that time. So, okay, I’d forget that dream. I did hot air ballooning and got my certification for that and for gas balloons because it was early on and they weren’t too organized and they just put them both together. If you could answer the questions about the dangers of gas, you got the certificate for gas (even though I couldn’t afford to fill a balloon up with it). In the ’90s my wife and daughters bought me hang-gliding lessons, so I did hang gliding for about three years. I got up to Hang 4, which is an advanced rating. With it I could technically fly off any mountain. That was really cool. I loved it.
The other fun thing was motorcycling. I’ve had five motorcycles. The biggest fun trip was with my daughter Zoey, from Saint Pete up the Smokies all the way to Rhode Island. I was really surprised that she agreed to go. And I once did 1,000 miles in 24 hours just for the heck of it.
What in my background led me to do all this? I would say one thing. It was the fact that my dad was a schoolteacher and a principal and I went to his junior high school. He retired a year early and talked about what he and my mom could do, but then he died that year, the year he retired. So that probably influenced me. I know that in college—I went to Southeast Missouri State in Cape Girardeau, Missouri—the Mississippi River ran nearby and I would go down to it quite often. It gave me what I needed for the four years that I was in school. Instead of looking forward to what the school could give me, I think I looked forward to what the rivers could give me.
JAYCEE BODIE, Jim’s last boat
The johnboat is not really for here in Rhode Island. It’s for the big rivers of the Midwest. We’ll see what happens. I don’t think we can get out of here unless things change. But you never know. It doesn’t matter. I’ve enjoyed building it and it has been great fun. I did add some more things. I put the shelves beside the bunk so there’s a place to put a few things: clothes, a wallet, whatever. I’ve enclosed the space behind the cabinets and those spaces will be hidden and look like just a panel to hide the hull. I’ve got them attached by magnets, so I can squirrel something in there like money or papers or whatever. Whatever I want to hide, I’ve got a hiding place.
I built the boat for finishing the Ohio River and then seeing the tributaries and the interesting areas along the Ohio, and maybe the Tennessee River. And there’s the Cumberland. The Tennessee goes way on up to Knoxville. That would be a nice place to spend the winter. But we’ll see.
Christopher Cunningham is the editor of Small Boats.
If you have an interesting story to tell about your adventures with a small boat, please email us a brief outline and a few photos.
Few things will ruin a small-boat trip faster than trailer drama, and no component of a trailer is as likely to fail as its electrical lighting system. Conventional trailer lights have it hard: they are often cheaply made and poorly wired; they are subject to the indignity of regular dunking; and they rely on the metal of the trailer and its oft-corroded bolts for their ground connection. By building an LED light bar you can ensure that the lights are properly wired, reliably grounded, and never dunked. Because of their position high up at the extreme rear end of your trailed load they are also much more visible to other drivers.
To build your LED light bar you’ll need the following items (the links are to products that I used, but there are many equivalents available elsewhere).
A four-wire cable as long as the combined length and beam of your boat plus 6′. A 30′ cable was about right for my 18′ pram. I recommend a jacketed four-wire cable with a flat connector. I do not recommend the flat four-wire trailer wiring kits commonly found at auto parts stores. Their white ground wires are usually cut short on the assumption that you’ll use the trailer itself as the ground; the four wires are not protected by any kind of jacket; and the individual wires themselves are often thin and unreliable.
A Y-adapter is required to supply power to the light bar as wells the trailer’s existing lights.
A bar about as long as the width of your trailer. I used an old wooden hockey stick that I pulled from the trash. It’s a hardwood laminate roughly 3⁄4″ × 1 3⁄16″. Aluminum C-channel from the hardware store also works well.
A 5′ length of slit corrugated sleeving (also known as wire loom), about 1⁄2″ inside diameter (not pictured above).
Rudder fittings or some other way to attach the completed bar to your boat’s transom for trailering. I used a length of 5⁄16″ brass rod because it fit nicely through my 3⁄8″ transom-mounted rudder gudgeons.
Zip ties
Start by cutting the bar to length—about equal to the width of the transom—and mark the location of your upper gudgeons, usually the center. If the transom is angled, drill at the same angle for the rod that will go through the gudgeons. This will keep the lights parallel to the road. Install the rod through this angled hole and secure it with epoxy and/or peen the top of it.
Drill for the light kit’s mounting bolts and test-fit the lights. The fixture with the white license-plate lamp goes on the left with the light pointing down. Bolts that protrude past the back end of the light bar should be cut flush with a hacksaw and filed smooth.
Check the fit of the bar on your boat and determine how you’ll keep the bar locked in place. The same retaining clip that locks my boat’s rudder down when on the water keeps this light bar in place when we’re on the road. A tie around the bar and the gudgeon could serve the same purpose. Now is also a good time to determine how you will secure the cable to the light bar. I drilled two holes, just large enough for the cable, through the bar from top to bottom, about 1 1⁄2″ apart. The cable will make a U-turn through these two holes. With assembly and hardware complete, remove the light fixtures, then prime and paint.
Pull enough cable through the two holes in the bar to reach both lights—first one, then back across the bar to the other. Where the cable makes the U turn, a zip tie around the bar and the bottom of the U will lock it in place. Carefully strip away a few inches of the jacket where it emerges from the bar until you can see the individual wires inside. Go slowly so you don’t damage the insulation on the wires. Then gently pull the cut-off end of the jacket from the protruding wires.
If you bought the recommended four-wire cable, the connections are straightforward: everything of like color should be spliced together. Bring each wire from the cable to its matching wire on the LED lights. Cut the wires so the leads from the light fixture overlap the cable wires by about 3″ to leave some slack in the system and room for a possible rewiring in the event of a bad connection.
Notice that the white wire and the red wire must be brought to both lights. I first cut the red and white wire at the length needed to connect them to the nearest light. When I connected each to its partner on the near light, I included the off-cut wire of the same color. I then carried the other end of the off-cut wire to the far light.
Your LED light kit probably came with some wire nuts or solderless splice wire connectors to make up these cables. Do your future self a favor and throw them away. Electrical connections are likely the weak link of this system; make them as reliable as possible with heat-shrink butt connectors that include low-temperature-solder. Here’s how to make the only-slightly-more-complicated three-way connection needed for the white and red wires. Start by slipping one end of the 18–22-gauge solder-loaded heat-shrink butt connectors over two of the 18-gauge wires, then strip 3⁄8″ of insulation off both wires. Holding those wires parallel, push their copper conductors into the third stripped wire. Ensure the copper strands interweave, then slide the connector back over the joint. Apply heat to the connector with a heat gun or torch. When the heat-shrink contracts around the wire, a heat-activated adhesive will make a strong bond and seal out water. Continue heating until you see the doughnut of solder melt and wick into the copper wire. The resulting connection will be secure and weather resistant.
When all six connections are completed, plug your light bar into a vehicle and check the running lights, brake lights, and turn signals. Then, protect the wiring with the corrugated sleeving. Tuck all the wires into the sleeve and secure the sleeve to your bar with zip ties and electrical tape.
Your light bar is complete and is ready to be connected the the Y-adapter that will power it and the trailer lights. It should provide years of trouble-free service and an additional measure of safety for your boat while in transit on the roads.
James Kealey lives and teaches in Richmond, California. When he’s not chasing his two young sons, he can usually be found banging away on some project in his garage workshop or sail-camping on a mountain lake.
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In the late 1990s and early 2000s I taught small-boat seamanship classes under sail at WoodenBoat School in Brooklin, Maine. For the most part, we sailed within a sheltered cove with an occasional voyage around some not-too-distant islands. At no point were we out of sight of land or, indeed, more than a few hundred yards from shore. Our boats were Herreshoff and Haven 12-1/2s, each equipped with sails, paddle, chart, anchor, and compass.
I had come to Maine from southwest England, an area known for its rain and wind. Those of us who sailed small open boats there were well practiced in reefing, but we rarely had to navigate by chart and compass. I don’t remember ever carrying a compass except for the few times we were sailing offshore or at night. We did, of course, have the occasional foggy day, but it was always well forecast and when it came, it hung around, socked in for the day. We simply stayed home. Maine, I quickly realized, was different. Here, on a bright summer day, a fog bank could roll in and overtake me with alarming speed. Within minutes I could go from full visibility to a few feet. Even more confusing, I could be sitting in full fog yet still see blue sky above. I understood why all the school’s sailboats had compasses.
While most of the boats had small bulkhead-mounted steering compasses, one or two had handheld compasses that had to be retrieved from a locker and so were seldom used. One boat had a compass that hung in a simple bracket mounted on the forward bulkhead and could be removed to be used as a handheld bearing compass.
I came to love that compass and determined to buy one for myself. I researched the product number and details only to discover that it was no longer on the market. Through the ensuing 20 years I have, from time to time, half-heartedly looked online for my compass.
Last month I found it. It was not the same brand, but in all other respects it appeared to be identical. I ordered one immediately.
The Silva 70UN measures 7″ from the top of the bowl to the bottom of the handle, and the outside case around the bowl has a 3 1⁄2″ diameter. It is waterproof and floats semi-submerged horizontally. It comes with a bracket and four brass mounting screws. (Additional brackets are available if there’s a need for more than one fixed location.) The compass can be mounted at any angle, even upside down, and read from the side or the top. As a steering compass, it must be mounted parallel to the plane of the boat’s centerline, either horizontally on a flat surface such as a thwart or centerboard case, or suspended from a cabin-top, or vertically on any bulkhead or other fixed upright.
Once the bracket is fitted, the handle of the compass is slid into it and held stable, prevented from jumping out by a subtle plastic snap within the face of the bracket that aligns with shallow 3⁄8″-long grooves in the compass handle. If the bracket is mounted so the compass can be seen from the helm, head-on with the curved front and back lubber lines overlapped, it can be used as a steering compass and, thanks to the large digits, is easy to read.
For taking sights, the compass is quickly detached from the bracket. It can be lifted out with just a little force; only one hand is needed. The ergonomic shape and plastic’s matte finish make it comfortable in the hand. There are two scales: a main steering scale on the horizontal face of the compass card and a direct reading scale on the vertical edge. Both are marked in five-degree increments, with each 30-degree angle numbered: 0°, 30°, 60°, etc.
The manufacturer’s description says that the bowl is made from clear scratch-resistant acrylic and that the “combination of a sapphire jewel bearing, and a hardened steel pivot minimizes friction, which in turn gives rapid and accurate movements.” The damping-fluid-immersed card does not spin. When the compass is mounted, the card will still function with the boat heeled up to 30 degrees. Beyond that, it sticks.
In the week following delivery of the compass, I used it in various boats, both under sail and power. Weighing just 9 oz, it can be held steady with straight or slightly bent arm and reading the bearings is easy and swift, even in choppy water. Depending on where it is mounted, either scale is used for steering. I read the vertical scale most of the time, but my crew enjoyed being able to lean over from any position in the cockpit to line up the lubber lines and easily read the horizontal face. The compass is also available in a battery-powered illuminated (red light) version, the Silva 70UNE.
Jenny Bennett is managing editor of Small Boats.
The Silva 70UN is available from various online outlets priced from around $110, the Silva 70UNE is priced from around $120; I found my 70UN on Amazon for $107.99, and additional brackets at tridentuk.com priced $13.43 plus shipping.
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When I’m out sailing on the wide, cold waters of Puget Sound, I carry a lot of safety gear, but I’m more casual in my approach to kayaking for exercise on a slow-moving, shallow slough. A few weeks ago, I saw a couple of deadheads lurking just below the surface, and while I now steer clear of where they’re located, they got me thinking about the consequences of hitting something else hard enough to crack my kayak’s delicate mahogany hull. If the kayak took on water, it would be easy to get ashore and my safety would never be compromised, but getting back to the launch ramp overland wouldn’t be easy. I’d have a miles-long walk with a tote bag full of gear slung over one shoulder and my kayak over the other. I would spare myself a lot of misery if I could simply patch the hull and paddle back to the ramp.
Jennifer, my dental hygienist, in a one-sided conversation while a suction tube, a mirror, and an ultrasonic scaler were keeping me mum, mentioned that she carries Flex Tape aboard her sea kayak. It looked promising on the web, so I bought a roll. The label said it was for “boats and yachts, canoes and kayaks” and could be applied “wet or dry…even underwater, conforms to any shape or object,” and could seal “virtually everything.” I was, however, unpleasantly surprised the first time I tried to apply a piece of it to my kayak, which I had hosed down for the test. The tape stuck in some places but not in others and didn’t flex enough to stick to sharp inside corners. I did a bit more research and found a reference guide for Flex Tape on the manufacturer’s website. It stated that the tape is “not compatible with most paints”; to that, I’d add varnish. And then, hidden inside the roll of the tape, there was a warning I found nowhere else in the manufacturer’s literature: “Tape is not intended to remove cleanly. May damage surface during attempt to remove.” That was it for me and Flex Tape. I may give the rest of the roll to Jennifer because the tape will work on her plastic kayak.
Decades ago, I’d heard that British kayakers were using Denso’s Densyl Tape for emergency leak repairs. It was manufactured in the U.K., primarily for industrial use to protect pipes from corrosion, and at that time wasn’t available in the U.S. The tape is now manufactured in Texas and available for DIY use in a 2″ × 33′ roll. Densyl Tape, according to the manufacturer, is “a cold-applied corrosion prevention and sealing tape based on a synthetic fabric, impregnated and coated with a neutral petrolatum compound.” The olive-drab petrolatum is only slightly sticky to the touch and has a texture somewhere between modeling clay and lip balm.
The full roll is about 5″ in diameter and much more than I’d need to carry for any outing so a few precut lengths would do. For testing, I cut 6″ pieces with scissors and, following the lead of U.K. Denso-advocates like sea-kayak instructor (and Denso-kit supplier) Howard Jeffs, I backed them with aluminum foil. The foil can stay with the tape when it is applied to a leak, preventing fingers from getting sticky with petrolatum. I put waxed paper on the other side and trimmed it and the foil around the tape with a margin of about ¼″. The prepared pieces take up very little space and would be easy to add to the minimal amount of gear I take for a two-hour paddle.
I wasn’t going to punch any holes in my kayak for the tests—it has already suffered enough after taking flight from the roof rack. Seeing how well it stuck to the hull was the important thing. After hosing down the hull, I applied one patch with the foil backing and one without it, both on the gentle curves amidships. Pressing the patch from the middle outward pushed trapped water out from under the tape. On the patch without the foil, I could see how smearing the petrolatum also forced a few beads of water through the tape but then consolidated the tape’s coating and the fabric to form a more impermeable barrier. Smeared petrolatum also created a fillet outside the fabric that seemed like it would facilitate the flow of water over the patch and prevent it from peeling. I applied a third piece of Denso, without foil, to the forward end of the skeg and it quickly conformed to the complex contour without creases or gaps.
With the patches in place, I paddled on a local lake for an hour, which is as long as it would take me to get back to the ramp on the slough in a worst-case scenario. All three patches stayed put and only the forward corners of the foil were dog-eared by the flow of water.
One of the concerns I had about Densyl was for whatever residue it might leave behind after a patch is peeled off. If it were difficult to remove and perhaps contaminated the damaged area with petrolatum, it could make permanent repairs difficult. I needn’t have worried. What little goop was left behind was quickly removed with a paper towel and firm pressure. I finished up with soap and water just to make sure no oily film was left behind. The Densyl Tape I removed was as good as new and could be used again.
Having the tape on the outside of the hull takes advantage of water pressure to stay in place. To see how it resisted water pressure working against the tape, I used a 4″ ABS drainpipe to hold a column of water and, for a leak, cut a 3″ kerf with a bandsaw.
Denso, without foil and applied over the kerf while water was flowing out of it, initially adhered to the pipe and stopped the leak. With 16″ of water in the pipe, the tape developed blisters that crept to the edge and then allowed water to flow. With 12″ of water, the Denso held its own against the pressure and didn’t form any blisters. None of my boats have hulls that draw even 12″, so a patch made on the inside could keep water leaking through a narrow crack. I would keep an eye on the patch and back it up to better secure it.
Denso’s Densyl Tape is wonderful stuff: simple, effective, and well worth adding to any small-boat repair kit, and there’s enough on a roll to share it with boating friends.
Christopher Cunningham is the editor of Small Boats.